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We introduce Group equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks (G-CNNs), a natural generalization of convolutional neural networks that reduces sample complexity by exploiting symmetries. G-CNNs use G-convolutions, a new type of layer that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-06 Taco S. Cohen , Max Welling

Incorporating group symmetry directly into the learning process has proved to be an effective guideline for model design. By producing features that are guaranteed to transform covariantly to the group actions on the inputs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Liyao Gao , Guang Lin , Wei Zhu

Equivariant Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated significant success across various applications. To achieve completeness -- that is, the universal approximation property over the space of equivariant functions -- the network must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiacheng Cen , Anyi Li , Ning Lin , Tingyang Xu , Yu Rong , Deli Zhao , Zihe Wang , Wenbing Huang

Graph Neural Networks (GNN) come in many flavors, but should always be either invariant (permutation of the nodes of the input graph does not affect the output) or equivariant (permutation of the input permutes the output). In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Nicolas Keriven , Gabriel Peyré

Group Convolutional Neural Networks (G-CNNs) constrain learned features to respect the symmetries in the selected group, and lead to better generalization when these symmetries appear in the data. If this is not the case, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 David W. Romero , Suhas Lohit

Training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to be robust against rotation has mostly been done with data augmentation. In this paper, another progressive vision of research direction is highlighted to encourage less dependence on data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Sungwon Hwang , Hyungtae Lim , Hyun Myung

Group Equivariant CNNs (G-CNNs) have shown promising efficacy in various tasks, owing to their ability to capture hierarchical features in an equivariant manner. However, their equivariance is fixed to the symmetry of the whole group,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hyunsu Kim , Yegon Kim , Hongseok Yang , Juho Lee

Group equivariant convolutional neural networks (G-CNNs) are generalizations of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which excel in a wide range of technical applications by explicitly encoding symmetries, such as rotations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Hannah Lawrence , Kristian Georgiev , Andrew Dienes , Bobak T. Kiani

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) generalize tradition convolutional neural networks (CNNs) from low-dimensional regular graphs (e.g., image) to high dimensional irregular graphs (e.g., text documents on word embeddings). Due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Mehrnaz Najafi , Philip S. Yu

Deep neural networks have achieved great success in the last decade. When designing neural networks to handle the ubiquitous geometric data such as point clouds and graphs, it is critical that the model can maintain invariance towards…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Ziwei Zhang , Xin Wang , Zeyang Zhang , Peng Cui , Wenwu Zhu

Group convolutional layers with respect to some group $G$ are modeled by convolutions or cross-correlations with a filter, and they provide the fundamental building block for group convolutional neural networks. For entirely unconstrained…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Benedikt Fluhr

Group-equivariant convolutional neural networks (G-CNN) heavily rely on parameter sharing to increase CNN's data efficiency and performance. However, the parameter-sharing strategy greatly increases the computational burden for each added…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Wenzhao Zhao , Barbara D. Wichtmann , Steffen Albert , Angelika Maurer , Frank G. Zöllner , Jürgen Hesser

In this paper, we develop a theory about the relationship between invariant and equivariant maps with regard to a group $G$. We then leverage this theory in the context of deep neural networks with group symmetries in order to obtain novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Akiyoshi Sannai , Yuuki Takai , Matthieu Cordonnier

Equivariant network architectures are a well-established tool for predicting invariant or equivariant quantities. However, almost all learning problems considered in this context feature a global symmetry, i.e. each point of the underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Longde Huang , Oleksandr Balabanov , Hampus Linander , Mats Granath , Daniel Persson , Jan E. Gerken

We present a general theory of Group equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks (G-CNNs) on homogeneous spaces such as Euclidean space and the sphere. Feature maps in these networks represent fields on a homogeneous base space, and layers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Taco Cohen , Mario Geiger , Maurice Weiler

We introduce a method to design a computationally efficient $G$-invariant neural network that approximates functions invariant to the action of a given permutation subgroup $G \leq S_n$ of the symmetric group on input data. The key element…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Piotr Kicki , Mete Ozay , Piotr Skrzypczyński

Equivariant neural networks are a class of neural networks designed to preserve symmetries inherent in the data. In this paper, we introduce a general method for modifying a neural network to enforce equivariance, a process we refer to as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Erkao Bao , Jingcheng Lu , Linqi Song , Nathan Hart-Hodgson , William Parson , Yanheng Zhou

Most existing neural networks for learning graphs address permutation invariance by conceiving of the network as a message passing scheme, where each node sums the feature vectors coming from its neighbors. We argue that this imposes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Risi Kondor , Hy Truong Son , Horace Pan , Brandon Anderson , Shubhendu Trivedi

Regular group convolutional neural networks (G-CNNs) have been shown to increase model performance and improve equivariance to different geometrical symmetries. This work addresses the problem of SE(3), i.e., roto-translation equivariance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Thijs P. Kuipers , Erik J. Bekkers

Group equivariant and steerable convolutional neural networks (regular and steerable G-CNNs) have recently emerged as a very effective model class for learning from signal data such as 2D and 3D images, video, and other data where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-02 Taco S. Cohen , Mario Geiger , Maurice Weiler
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