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Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models containing trillions of parameters. This growth is accompanied by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Qiulin Shang , Andi Han , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Quan Wei , Mingyi Hong

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success in medical question answering and clinical decision-making, promoting the efficiency and popularization of the personalized virtual doctor in society. However, the traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jianbin Zhang , Yulin Zhu , Wai Lun Lo , Richard Tai-Chiu Hsung , Harris Sik-Ho Tsang , Kai Zhou

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures used in large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance across diverse tasks yet face practical challenges such as deployment complexity and low activation efficiency. Expert pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xican Yang , Yuanhe Tian , Yan Song

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as pivotal for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently. Fine-grained MoE approaches - utilizing more numerous, smaller experts - have demonstrated potential in improving model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jakub Krajewski , Marcin Chochowski , Daniel Korzekwa

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained clients remains a challenging problem. Recent works have fused low-rank adaptation (LoRA) techniques with federated fine-tuning to mitigate challenges associated with client…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenzhi Fang , Dong-Jun Han , Liangqi Yuan , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs) are gradually becoming the mainstream approach for ultra-large-scale models. Existing optimization efforts for MoE models have focused primarily on coarse-grained MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Haoqi Yang , Luohe Shi , Qiwei Li , Zuchao Li , Ping Wang , Bo Du , Mengjia Shen , Hai Zhao

The growing scale of Large Language Models (LLMs) has necessitated the development of parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a promising approach, reducing the number of trainable parameters by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jessica Liang , Anirudh Bharadwaj

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are commonly fine-tuned to handle domain-specific tasks before being applied to vertical applications, adapting them to complex scenarios with diverse specialized knowledge remains challenging. Meanwhile,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Mengyang Sun , Maochuan Dou , Tao Feng , Dan Zhang , Yihao Wang , Junpeng Liu , Yifan Zhu , Jie Tang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is essential for adapting large language models (LLMs), with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) being the most popular approach. However, LoRA suffers from slow convergence, and some recent LoRA variants, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Chenlu Guo , Yuan Wu , Yi Chang

The fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is pivotal for achieving optimal performance across diverse downstream tasks. However, while full fine-tuning delivers superior results, it entails significant computational and resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Yao Liang , Yuwei Wang , Yi Zeng

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is increasingly costly as models scale to hundreds of billions of parameters, and even parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA remain resource-intensive. We introduce LowRA, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zikai Zhou , Qizheng Zhang , Hermann Kumbong , Kunle Olukotun

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a crucial step for large language models (LLMs), enabling them to align with human instructions and enhance their capabilities in downstream tasks. Increasing instruction data substantially is a direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Shihan Dou , Enyu Zhou , Yan Liu , Songyang Gao , Jun Zhao , Wei Shen , Yuhao Zhou , Zhiheng Xi , Xiao Wang , Xiaoran Fan , Shiliang Pu , Jiang Zhu , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Fine-tuning large language models for domain-specific tasks such as medical text summarization demands substantial computational resources. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods offer promising alternatives by updating only a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Ulugbek Shernazarov , Rostislav Svitsov , Bin Shi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) face a trilemma of load imbalance, parameter redundancy, and communication overhead. We introduce a unified framework based on dynamic expert clustering and structured compression to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Peijun Zhu , Ning Yang , Baoliang Tian , Jiayu Wei , Weihao Zhang , Haijun Zhang , Pin Lv

The training and fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) often involve diverse textual data from multiple sources, which poses challenges due to conflicting gradient directions, hindering optimization and specialization. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yinghao Li , Vianne Gao , Chao Zhang , MohamadAli Torkamani

In the ongoing wave of impact driven by large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, the adaptation of LLMs to medical domain has emerged as a crucial research frontier. Since mainstream LLMs tend to be designed for general-purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Issey Sukeda , Masahiro Suzuki , Hiroki Sakaji , Satoshi Kodera

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has demonstrated remarkable capabilities for task specific fine-tuning. However, in scenarios that involve multiple tasks, training a separate LoRA model for each one results in considerable inefficiency in terms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yihua Shao , Minxi Yan , Yang Liu , Siyu Chen , Wenjie Chen , Xinwei Long , Ziyang Yan , Lei Li , Chenyu Zhang , Nicu Sebe , Hao Tang , Yan Wang , Hao Zhao , Mengzhu Wang , Jingcai Guo

We present Generalized LoRA (GLoRA), an advanced approach for universal parameter-efficient fine-tuning tasks. Enhancing Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), GLoRA employs a generalized prompt module to optimize pre-trained model weights and adjust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Arnav Chavan , Zhuang Liu , Deepak Gupta , Eric Xing , Zhiqiang Shen

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, particularly Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), offer an efficient way to adapt large language models with reduced computational costs. However, their performance is limited by the small number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Hengyuan Zhang , Xinrong Chen , Yingmin Qiu , Xiao Liang , Ziyue Li , Guanyu Wang , Weiping Li , Tong Mo , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Ngai Wong

Writing radiology reports from medical images requires a high level of domain expertise. It is time-consuming even for trained radiologists and can be error-prone for inexperienced radiologists. It would be appealing to automate this task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yuzhe Lu , Sungmin Hong , Yash Shah , Panpan Xu