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Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is crucial for satisfying the high data rate requirements of the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. In this context, ensuring accurate acquisition of channel state…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Bo Ai , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

This paper addresses the challenge of channel estimation in extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems, pivotal for the advancement of 6G communications. XL-MIMO systems, characterized by their vast antenna…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Sunho Kim , Wan Choi

Ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (UM-MIMO) technology is a key enabler for 6G networks, offering exceptional high data rates in millimeter-wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) frequency bands. The deployment of large antenna arrays…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-19 Ahmed Hussain , Asmaa Abdallah , Abdulkadir Celik , Ahmed M. Eltawil

Accurate beam alignment is a critical challenge in XL-MIMO systems, especially in the near-field regime, where conventional far-field assumptions no longer hold. Although 2D grid-based codebooks in the polar domain are widely accepted for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-27 Hongjun Heo , Wan Choi

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems are pivotal to next-generation wireless communications, where dynamic RF chain architectures offer enhanced performance. However, efficient precoding in such systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Jiayi Lu , Jiayi Zhang , Hao Lei , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Channel estimation is a critical task in extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems for 6G wireless communications. A hybrid-field channel model effectively characterizes the mixed far-field and near-field…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dehui Yang , Feng Xi , Yanxian Zhu

This work establishes a framework of near-field communication under different array geometries of extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO). We first formulate the near-field spatial non-stationary channel model which…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Kangda Zhi , Yi Song , Tianyu Yang , Tuo Wu , Tengjiao Wang , Songyan Xue , Fangzhou Wu , Giuseppe Caire

Extremely large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key enabler for sixth-generation (6G) networks, offering massive spatial degrees of freedom. Despite these advantages, the coexistence of near-field and far-field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Renbin Li , Shuangshuang Li , Peihao Dong

This paper investigates the near-field (NF) channel estimation (CE) for extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems. Considering the pronounced NF effects in XL-MIMO communications, we first establish a joint…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Zhenzhou Jin , Li You , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Xiang-Gen Xia , Xiqi Gao

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technique to enable versatile applications for future wireless communications.To realize the huge potential performance gain, accurate channel state information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Huahua Xiao , Xiaodan Zhang , Bo Ai , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) systems operating at sub-THz carrier frequencies represent a promising solution to meet the demands of next-generation wireless applications. This work focuses on sparse channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-13 Vidya Bhasker Shukla , Italo Atzeni

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multipleoutput (XL-MIMO) is believed to be a cornerstone of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. XL-MIMO uses more antennas to both achieve unprecedented spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) and exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Hao Lei , Jiayi Zhang , Zhe Wang , Huahua Xiao , Bo Ai , Emil Björnson

This paper proposes a model-driven deep learning (MDDL)-based channel estimation and feedback scheme for wideband millimeter-wave (mmWave) massive hybrid multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where the angle-delay domain channels'…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Xisuo Ma , Zhen Gao , Feifei Gao , Marco Di Renzo

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) promises to provide ultrahigh data rates in millimeter-wave (mmWave) and Terahertz (THz) spectrum. However, the spherical-wavefront wireless transmission caused by large…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Xu Shi , Jintao Wang , Zhi Sun , Jian Song

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technique to achieve ultra-high spectral efficiency for future 6G communications. The mixed line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) XL-MIMO near-field…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Ming Ye , Xiao Liang , Cunhua Pan , Yinfei Xu , Ming Jiang , Chunguo Li

This paper studies wideband channel estimation for OFDM systems assisted by extremely large RIS (XL-RIS). Due to the large aperture of XL-RISs, the user equipment may operate in the near-field region, while the base station-XL-RIS link…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Lanqing Zhi , Hongwei Wang , Lingxiang Li , Zhi Chen

The extremely large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) has the potential to achieve boosted spectral efficiency and refined spatial resolution for future wireless networks. However, channel estimation for XL-MIMO is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Chun Huang , Jindan Xu , Wei Xu , Xiaohu You , Chau Yuen , Yijian Chen

In extremely large-scale multiple input multiple output (XL-MIMO) systems for future sixth-generation (6G) communications, codebook-based beam training stands out as a promising technology to acquire channel state information (CSI). Despite…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Tianyue Zheng , Jieao Zhu , Qiumo Yu , Yongli Yan , Linglong Dai

In this paper, we study efficient codebook design for limited feedback in extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems. It is worth noting that existing codebook designs for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Liujia Yao , Changsheng You , Zixuan Huang , Chao Zhou , Zhaohui Yang , Xiaoyang Li

Extremely large-scale massive MIMO (XL-MIMO) has been reviewed as a promising technology for future wireless communications. The deployment of XL-MIMO, especially at high-frequency bands, leads to users being located in the near-field…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Xiangyu Zhang , Zening Wang , Haiyang Zhang , Luxi Yang