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Large language models (LLMs) must often respond to highly ambiguous user requests. In such cases, the LLM's best response may be to ask a clarifying question to elicit more information. Existing LLMs often respond by presupposing a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Michael J. Q. Zhang , W. Bradley Knox , Eunsol Choi

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as versatile tools in various daily applications. However, they are fraught with issues that undermine their utility and trustworthiness. These include the incorporation of erroneous references…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Dongyub Lee , Taesun Whang , Chanhee Lee , Heuiseok Lim

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language understanding and demonstrated strong problem-solving abilities. Despite these successes, most LLMs still struggle with solving mathematical problems due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Meng Fang , Xiangpeng Wan , Fei Lu , Fei Xing , Kai Zou

Counterspeech is a key strategy against harmful online content, but scaling expert-driven efforts is challenging. Large Language Models (LLMs) present a potential solution, though their use in countering conspiracy theories is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Mareike Lisker , Christina Gottschalk , Helena Mihaljević

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become more powerful and autonomous, they increasingly face conflicts and dilemmas in many scenarios. We first summarize and taxonomize these diverse conflicts. Then, we model the LLM's preferences to make…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhenheng Tang , Xiang Liu , Qian Wang , Eunsol Choi , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

Increased sophistication of large language models (LLMs) and the consequent quality of generated multilingual text raises concerns about potential disinformation misuse. While humans struggle to distinguish LLM-generated content from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Dominik Macko , Aashish Anantha Ramakrishnan , Jason Samuel Lucas , Robert Moro , Ivan Srba , Adaku Uchendu , Dongwon Lee

Understanding pragmatics-the use of language in context-is crucial for developing NLP systems capable of interpreting nuanced language use. Despite recent advances in language technologies, including large language models, evaluating their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Bolei Ma , Yuting Li , Wei Zhou , Ziwei Gong , Yang Janet Liu , Katja Jasinskaja , Annemarie Friedrich , Julia Hirschberg , Frauke Kreuter , Barbara Plank

The pervasive influence of social media during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a double-edged sword, enhancing communication while simultaneously propagating misinformation. This \textit{Digital Infodemic} has highlighted the urgent need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Tanjim Bin Faruk

Large language models (LLMs) inherit biases from their training data and alignment processes, influencing their responses in subtle ways. While many studies have examined these biases, little work has explored their robustness during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Virgile Rennard , Christos Xypolopoulos , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Problem-solving has been a fundamental driver of human progress in numerous domains. With advancements in artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools capable of tackling complex problems across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Da Zheng , Lun Du , Junwei Su , Yuchen Tian , Yuqi Zhu , Jintian Zhang , Lanning Wei , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionised many fields, with LLM-as-a-service (LLMSaaS) offering accessible, general-purpose solutions without costly task-specific training. In contrast to the widely studied prompt engineering for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Md Rakibul Hasan , Yue Yao , Md Zakir Hossain , Aneesh Krishna , Imre Rudas , Shafin Rahman , Tom Gedeon

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming writing, reading, teaching, and knowledge retrieval in many academic fields. However, concerns regarding their misuse and erroneous outputs have led to varying degrees of trust in LLMs within…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Minseok Jung , Aurora Zhang , May Fung , Junho Lee , Paul Pu Liang

Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating empathic responses in text-based conversations. But, how reliably do they judge the nuances of empathic communication? We investigate this question by comparing how experts, crowdworkers, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Aakriti Kumar , Nalin Poungpeth , Diyi Yang , Erina Farrell , Bruce Lambert , Matthew Groh

We present a survey of methods for assessing and enhancing the quality of online discussions, focusing on the potential of LLMs. While online discourses aim, at least in theory, to foster mutual understanding, they often devolve into…

With the remarkable development of large language models (LLMs), ensuring the factuality of output has become a challenge. However, having all the contents of the response with given knowledge or facts is not necessarily a good thing in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Ryohei Kamei , Daiki Shiono , Reina Akama , Jun Suzuki

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn significant attention due to their outstanding reasoning capabilities and extensive knowledge repository, positioning them as superior in handling various natural language processing tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Han Cao , Lingwei Wei , Mengyang Chen , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable performance across diverse domains, yet their decision-making under conflicting objectives remains insufficiently understood. This work investigates how LRMs respond to harmful queries…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Honghao Liu , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Cehao Yang , Shengming Yin , Zhengwu Ma , Lionel Ni , Jian Guo

Automated ways to extract stance (denying vs. supporting opinions) from conversations on social media are essential to advance opinion mining research. Recently, there is a renewed excitement in the field as we see new models attempting to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Ramon Villa-Cox , Sumeet Kumar , Matthew Babcock , Kathleen M. Carley

While Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve near-human performance on standard benchmarks, their capabilities often fail to generalize to complex, real-world problems. To bridge this gap, we introduce DeepQuestion, a scalable, automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Khoramfar , Ali Ramezani , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajeri , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi , Heshaam Faili

A lively ongoing debate is taking place, since the extraordinary emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) with regards to their capability to understand the world and capture the meaning of the dialogues in which they are involved.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Daniel N. Nissani