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We review theoretical models of individual motility as well as collective dynamics and pattern formation of active particles. We focus on simple models of active dynamics with a particular emphasis on nonlinear and stochastic dynamics of…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-04 Pawel Romanczuk , Markus Bär , Werner Ebeling , Benjamin Lindner , Lutz Schimansky-Geier

External fields can decidedly alter the free energy landscape of soft materials and can be exploited as a powerful tool for the assembly of targeted nanostructures and colloidal materials. Here, we use computer simulations to demonstrate…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-02-08 Ahmad K. Omar , Yanze Wu , Zhen-Gang Wang , John F. Brady

We model a binary mixture of passive and active Brownian particles in two dimensions using the effective interaction between passive particles in the active bath. The activity of active particles and the size ratio of two types of particles…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-06-15 Jay Prakash Singh , Sudipta Pattanayak , Shradha Mishra , Jaydeb Chakrabarti

One of the intrinsic characteristics of far-from-equilibrium systems is the nonrelaxational nature of the system dynamics, which leads to novel properties that cannot be understood and described by conventional pathways based on…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-11-25 Zhi-Feng Huang , Andreas M. Menzel , Hartmut Löwen

In the last 20 years, active matter has been a very successful research field, bridging the fundamental physics of nonequilibrium thermodynamics with applications in robotics, biology, and medicine. This field deals with active particles,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-09-12 Angelo Barona Balda , Aykut Argun , Agnese Callegari , Giovanni Volpe

Active matter agents consume internal energy or extract energy from the environment for locomotion and force generation. Already rather generic models, such as ensembles of active Brownian particles, exhibit phenomena, which are absent at…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-07-27 Roland G. Winkler , Gerhard Gompper

Biomolecular condensates play a central role in the spatial organization of living matter. Their formation is now well understood as a form of liquid-liquid phase separation that occurs very far from equilibrium. For instance, they can be…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-10-14 Roxanne Berthin , Jacques Fries , Marie Jardat , Vincent Dahirel , Pierre Illien

We study active run-and-tumble particles with an additional two-state internal variable characterizing their motile or non-motile state. Motile particles change irreversibly into non-motile ones upon collision with a non-motile particle.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-11-27 Matteo Paoluzzi , Marco Leoni , M Cristina Marchetti

We studied a collection of chiral active particles (CAP) on a two dimensional substrate using extensive numerical study. Particles interact through soft repulsive interaction. The activity and chirality of particles is tuned by varying…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-08-22 Vivek Semwal , Jayam Joshi , Shradha Mishra

Chiral symmetry breaking is ubiquitous in biological systems, from DNA to bacterial suspensions. A key unresolved problem is how chiral structures may spontaneously emerge from achiral interactions. We study a simple model of bacterial…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-18 Rebekka E. Breier , Robin L. B. Selinger , Giovanni Ciccotti , Stephan Herminghaus , Marco G. Mazza

Active particles affect their environment as much as the environment affects their active motion. Here, we present an experimental system where both can be simultaneously adjusted in situ using an external AC electric field. The environment…

The interaction between polymer brush and colloidal particles has been intensively studied in the last two decades. Here we consider a flat chain-grafted substrate immersed in a bath of active particles. Simulations show that an increase in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-05-17 Hui-shu Li , Bo-kai Zhang , Jian Li , Wen-de Tian , Kang Chen

The conformational and dynamical properties of active self-propelled filaments/polymers are investigated in the presence of hydrodynamic interactions by both, Brownian dynamics simulations and analytical theory. Numerically, a discrete…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-08-04 Aitor Martin-Gomez , Thomas Eisenstecken , Gerhard Gompper , Roland G. Winkler

We consider stochastic dynamics of self-propelled particles with nonlocal normalized alignment interactions subject to phase lag. The role of the lag is to indirectly generate chirality into particle motion. To understand large scale…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2020-08-12 Nikita Kruk , José A. Carrillo , Heinz Koeppl

Inspired by biology and implemented using nanotechnology, the self-assembly of patchy particles has emerged as a pivotal mechanism for constructing complex structures that mimic natural systems with diverse functionalities. Here, we explore…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-10-08 Shubhadeep Nag , Gili Bisker

The transport of active particles may occur in complex environments, in which it emerges from the interplay between the mobility of the active components and the quenched disorder of the environment. Here we explore structural and dynamical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-03-31 Fergus J. Moore , John Russo Tanniemola B. Liverpool , C. Patrick Royall

We investigate the phase behavior and kinetics of a monodisperse mixture of active (\textit{i.e.}, self-propelled) and passive isometric Brownian particles through Brownian dynamics simulations and theory. As in a purely active system,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-01-08 Joakim Stenhammar , Raphael Wittkowski , Davide Marenduzzo , Michael E. Cates

In this article, we present the collective dynamics of active dumbbells in the presence of a static circular obstacle using Brownian dynamics simulation. The active dumbbells aggregate on the surface of a circular obstacle beyond a critical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-12 Chandranshu Tiwari , Sunil P. Singh

Active matter systems characterized by the interplay of chirality and self-alignment offer a rich landscape for the emergence of non-equilibrium collective behaviors and the development of autonomous materials. We present a versatile…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-20 Timo Wagner , Michael Himpel , Thomas Ihle , Horst-Holger Boltz

We carry out two-dimensional Brownian dynamics simulations of the behavior of rigid inclusion particles immersed in an active fluid bath. The active fluid is modeled as a collection of self-propelled circular disks interacting via a soft…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-16 Lijie Ding , Robert A. Pelcovits , Thomas R. Powers