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With the advent of physical qubits exhibiting strong noise bias, it becomes increasingly relevant to identify which quantum gates can be efficiently implemented on error-correcting codes designed to address a single dominant error type.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-09 Victor Barizien , Hugo Jacinto , Nicolas Sangouard

Quantum error correction (QEC) is considered a deciding component in enabling practical quantum computing. Stabilizer codes, and in particular topological surface codes, are promising candidates for implementing QEC by redundantly encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Josias Old , Stephan Tasler , Michael J. Hartmann , Markus Müller

Fault-tolerant quantum computation demands extremely low logical error rates, yet superconducting qubit arrays are subject to radiation-induced correlated noise arising from cosmic-ray muon-generated quasiparticles. The quasiparticle…

A crucial insight for practical quantum error correction is that different types of errors, such as single-qubit Pauli operators, typically occur with different probabilities. Finding an optimal quantum code under such biased noise is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Junyu Fan , Matthew Steinberg , Alexander Jahn , Chunjun Cao , Sebastian Feld

We study the performance of common quantum stabilizer codes in the presence of asymmetric and correlated errors. Specifically, we consider the depolarizing noisy quantum memory channel and perform quantum error correction via the five and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Carlo Cafaro , Stefano Mancini

We study variants of Shor's code that are adept at handling single-axis correlated idling errors, which are commonly observed in many quantum systems. By using the repetition code structure of the Shor's code basis states, we calculate the…

Logical qubits can be protected against environmental noise by encoding them into a highly entangled state of many physical qubits and actively intervening in the dynamics with stabilizer measurements. In this work, we numerically optimize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Áron Márton , János K. Asbóth

We prove by construction that the Bravyi-Poulin-Terhal bound on the spatial density of stabilizer codes does not generalize to stabilizer circuits. To do so, we construct a fault tolerant quantum computer with a coding rate above 5% and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Craig Gidney , Thiago Bergamaschi

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction provides a strategy to protect information processed by a quantum computer against noise which would otherwise corrupt the data. A fault-tolerant universal quantum computer must implement a universal…

To run large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer, error-correcting codes must be able to perform a fundamental set of operations, called logic gates, while isolating the encoded information from…

Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the operational complexity of the…

To make practical quantum algorithms work, large-scale quantum processors protected by error-correcting codes are required to resist noise and ensure reliable computational outcomes. However, a major challenge arises from defects in…

We consider the problem of calculating the logical error probability for a stabilizer quantum code subject to random Pauli errors. To access the regime of large code distances where logical errors are extremely unlikely we adopt the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-19 Sergey Bravyi , Alexander Vargo

We consider a topological stabilizer code on a honeycomb grid, the "XYZ$^2$" code. The code is inspired by the Kitaev honeycomb model and is a simple realization of a "matching code" discussed by Wootton [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 48, 215302…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Basudha Srivastava , Anton Frisk Kockum , Mats Granath

Current noisy quantum computers have multiple types of errors, which can occur in the state preparation, measurement/readout, and gate operation, as well as intrinsic decoherence and relaxation. Partly motivated by the booming of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Hongye Yu , Tzu-Chieh Wei

Biased-noise qubits, in which one type of error (e.g. $X$- and $Y$-type errors) is significantly suppressed relative to the other (e.g. $Z$-type errors), can significantly reduce the overhead of quantum error correction. Codes such as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-19 Peter Shanahan , Diego Ruiz

We develop a measurement-based protocol for simultaneously purifying arbitrary logical states in multiple quantum error correcting codes with unit fidelity and finite probability, starting from arbitrary thermal states of each code. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Chandrima B. Pushpan , Tanoy Kanti Konar , Aditi Sen De , Amit Kumar Pal

We study how well topological quantum codes can tolerate coherent noise caused by systematic unitary errors such as unwanted $Z$-rotations. Our main result is an efficient algorithm for simulating quantum error correction protocols based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-01 Sergey Bravyi , Matthias Englbrecht , Robert Koenig , Nolan Peard

We introduce the domain wall color code, a new variant of the quantum error-correcting color code that exhibits exceptionally high code-capacity error thresholds for qubits subject to biased noise. In the infinite bias regime, a…

Characterizing how quantum error correction circuits behave under realistic hardware noise is essential for testing the premises that enable scalable fault tolerance. Logical error rates conditioned on syndrome outcomes are needed to enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Matthew Girling , Ben Criger , Cristina Cirstoiu