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Recent advances in foundation models (FMs), including large language models (LLMs), vision-language models (VLMs), and world models, have opened new opportunities for autonomous driving systems (ADSs) in perception, reasoning,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xiongfei Wu , Mingfei Cheng , Xiaoning Ren , Qiang Hu , Jianlang Chen , Yuheng Huang , Maxime Cordy , Yao Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Yves Le Traon

Autonomous driving is a popular research area within the computer vision research community. Since autonomous vehicles are highly safety-critical, ensuring robustness is essential for real-world deployment. While several public multimodal…

The utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) within the realm of reinforcement learning, particularly as planners, has garnered a significant degree of attention in recent scholarly literature. However, a substantial proportion of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yiqun Duan , Qiang Zhang , Renjing Xu

Reliable anticipation of traffic accidents is essential for advancing autonomous driving systems. However, this objective is limited by two fundamental challenges: the scarcity of diverse, high-quality training data and the frequent absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Chengyue Wang , Xingcheng Liu , Jiaxun Zhang , Zhenning Li

We are motivated by the problem of autonomous vehicle performance validation. A key challenge is that an autonomous vehicle requires testing in every kind of driving scenario it could encounter, including rare events, to provide a strong…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Alec Farid , Peter Schleede , Aaron Huang , Christoffer Heckman

Autonomous driving is undergoing a shift from modular rule based pipelines toward end to end (E2E) learning systems. This paper examines this transition by tracing the evolution from classical sense perceive plan control architectures to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eduardo Nebot , Julie Stephany Berrio Perez

Deep learning has revolutionized autonomous driving by enabling vehicles to perceive and interpret their surroundings with remarkable accuracy. This progress is attributed to various deep learning models, including Mediated Perception,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Hemanth Manjunatha , Panagiotis Tsiotras

With the rapid advancement of autonomous driving technology, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication has emerged as a key enabler for extending perception range and enhancing driving safety by providing visibility beyond the line of…

How should representations from complementary sensors be integrated for autonomous driving? Geometry-based sensor fusion has shown great promise for perception tasks such as object detection and motion forecasting. However, for the actual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Aditya Prakash , Kashyap Chitta , Andreas Geiger

Reinforcement learning is considered to be a strong AI paradigm which can be used to teach machines through interaction with the environment and learning from their mistakes, but it has not yet been successfully used for automotive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-12-14 Ahmad El Sallab , Mohammed Abdou , Etienne Perot , Senthil Yogamani

With the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Foundation Models (VFMs), multimodal AI systems benefiting from large models have the potential to equally perceive the real world, make decisions, and control tools as humans.…

Robust perception-action models should be learned from training data with diverse visual appearances and realistic behaviors, yet current approaches to deep visuomotor policy learning have been generally limited to in-situ models learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Huazhe Xu , Yang Gao , Fisher Yu , Trevor Darrell

The key to achieving autonomous driving lies in topology-aware perception, the structured understanding of the driving environment with an emphasis on lane topology and road semantics. This survey systematically reviews four core research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yixiao Chen , Ruining Yang , Xin Chen , Jia He , Dongliang Xu , Yue Yao

Multimodal deep learning systems which employ multiple modalities like text, image, audio, video, etc., are showing better performance in comparison with individual modalities (i.e., unimodal) systems. Multimodal machine learning involves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Anil Rahate , Rahee Walambe , Sheela Ramanna , Ketan Kotecha

The feasibility of collecting a large amount of expert demonstrations has inspired growing research interests in learning-to-drive settings, where models learn by imitating the driving behaviour from experts. However, exclusively relying on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Jonathan Francis , Bingqing Chen , Weiran Yao , Eric Nyberg , Jean Oh

Designing a driving policy for autonomous vehicles is a difficult task. Recent studies suggested an end-toend (E2E) training of a policy to predict car actuators directly from raw sensory inputs. It is appealing due to the ease of labeled…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Yonatan Glassner , Liran Gispan , Ariel Ayash , Tal Furman Shohet

Autonomous vehicles increasingly rely on cameras to provide the input for perception and scene understanding and the ability of these models to classify their environment and objects, under adverse conditions and image noise is crucial.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Andreas Papachristodoulou , Christos Kyrkou , Theocharis Theocharides

Deep learning has been used to demonstrate end-to-end neural network learning for autonomous vehicle control from raw sensory input. While LiDAR sensors provide reliably accurate information, existing end-to-end driving solutions are mainly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Zhijian Liu , Alexander Amini , Sibo Zhu , Sertac Karaman , Song Han , Daniela Rus

The dominant paradigm for end-to-end robot learning focuses on optimizing task-specific objectives that solve a single robotic problem such as picking up an object or reaching a target position. However, recent work on high-capacity models…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Samuel Schmidgall , Ji Woong Kim , Alan Kuntz , Ahmed Ezzat Ghazi , Axel Krieger

Next-generation multimodal foundation models capable of any-to-any cross-modal generation and multi-turn interaction will serve as core components of artificial general intelligence systems, playing a pivotal role in human-machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Run Luo , Xiaobo Xia , Lu Wang , Longze Chen , Renke Shan , Jing Luo , Min Yang , Tat-Seng Chua