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Style-conditioned data poisoning is identified as a covert vector for amplifying sociolinguistic bias in large language models. Using small poisoned budgets that pair dialectal prompts -- principally African American Vernacular English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Chaymaa Abbas , Mariette Awad , Razane Tajeddine

The popularity of pretrained language models in natural language processing systems calls for a careful evaluation of such models in down-stream tasks, which have a higher potential for societal impact. The evaluation of such systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Ioana Baldini , Dennis Wei , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Mikhail Yurochkin , Moninder Singh

Neural language models trained with a predictive or masked objective have proven successful at capturing short and long distance syntactic dependencies. Here, we focus on verb argument structure in German, which has the interesting property…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Charlotte Rochereau , Benoît Sagot , Emmanuel Dupoux

Neural language models are black-boxes--both linguistic patterns and factual knowledge are distributed across billions of opaque parameters. This entangled encoding makes it difficult to reliably inspect, verify, or update specific facts.…

Do language models (LMs) offer insights into human language learning? A common argument against this idea is that because their architecture and training paradigm are so vastly different from humans, LMs can learn arbitrary inputs as easily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Xiulin Yang , Tatsuya Aoyama , Yuekun Yao , Ethan Wilcox

Reasoning has emerged as the next major frontier for language models (LMs), with rapid advances from both academic and industrial labs. However, this progress often outpaces methodological rigor, with many evaluations relying on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Andreas Hochlehnert , Hardik Bhatnagar , Vishaal Udandarao , Samuel Albanie , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

Quality Estimation (QE) is the task of predicting the quality of Machine Translation (MT) system output, without using any gold-standard translation references. State-of-the-art QE models are supervised: they require human-labeled quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Tu Anh Dinh , Jan Niehues

Language models (LMs), despite their advances, often depend on spurious correlations, undermining their accuracy and generalizability. This study addresses the overlooked impact of subtler, more complex shortcuts that compromise model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yuqing Zhou , Ruixiang Tang , Ziyu Yao , Ziwei Zhu

A central question in natural language understanding (NLU) research is whether high performance demonstrates the models' strong reasoning capabilities. We present an extensive series of controlled experiments where pre-trained language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Aarne Talman , Marianna Apidianaki , Stergios Chatzikyriakidis , Jörg Tiedemann

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) have opened up greater opportunities to enable fine-tuned large language models (LLMs) to behave as more powerful interactive agents through improved instruction-following ability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jerry Huang , Peng Lu , Qiuhao Zeng

We study the continual pretraining recipe for scaling language models' context lengths to 128K, with a focus on data engineering. We hypothesize that long context modeling, in particular \textit{the ability to utilize information at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Yao Fu , Rameswar Panda , Xinyao Niu , Xiang Yue , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Yoon Kim , Hao Peng

A distinction is often drawn between a model's ability to predict a label for an evaluation sample that is directly memorised from highly similar training samples versus an ability to predict the label via some method of generalisation. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Tim Hartill , Joshua Bensemann , Michael Witbrock , Patricia J. Riddle

A fundamental issue in deep learning has been adversarial robustness. As these systems have scaled, such issues have persisted. Currently, large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters suffer from adversarial attacks just like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Brian Formento , Chuan Sheng Foo , See-Kiong Ng

In supervised learning, automatically assessing the quality of the labels before any learning takes place remains an open research question. In certain particular cases, hypothesis testing procedures have been proposed to assess whether a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Weisong Yang , Rafael Poyiadzi , Niall Twomey , Raul Santos Rodriguez

Recent studies apply psychometric questionnaires to Large Language Models (LLMs) to assess high-level psychological constructs such as values, personality, moral foundations, and dark traits. Although prior work has raised concerns about…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jongwook Han , Woojung Song , Jonggeun Lee , Yohan Jo

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to ensuring that large language models (LLMs) align with human values and generate safe text. However, an excessive focus on sensitivity to certain topics can compromise the model's robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Huachuan Qiu , Shuai Zhang , Anqi Li , Hongliang He , Zhenzhong Lan

Recent benchmarks have probed factual consistency and rhetorical robustness in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, a knowledge gap exists regarding how directional framing of factually true statements influences model agreement, a common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jaeho Lee , Atharv Chowdhary

In this paper, we consider contamination by code generation test sets, in particular in their use in modern large language models. We discuss three possible sources of such contamination and show findings supporting each of them: (i) direct…

Suppose we have a sample of instances paired with binary labels corrupted by arbitrary instance- and label-dependent noise. With sufficiently many such samples, can we optimally classify and rank instances with respect to the noise-free…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-05 Aditya Krishna Menon , Brendan van Rooyen , Nagarajan Natarajan

The capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models have been sketched out in great detail in recent years, providing an intriguing yet conflicting picture. On the one hand, LLMs demonstrate a general ability to solve problems. On the…