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The theory of gravitational lensing is reviewed from a spacetime perspective, without quasi-Newtonian approximations. More precisely, the review covers all aspects of gravitational lensing where light propagation is described in terms of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-10-19 Volker Perlick

Just like light, gravitational waves (GWs) are deflected and magnified by gravitational fields as they propagate through the Universe. However, their low frequency, phase coherence and feeble coupling to matter allow for distinct lensing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-29 Giovanni Tambalo , Miguel Zumalacárregui , Liang Dai , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung

We describe how gravitational lensing of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is affected by a plasma screen in the vicinity of the lens or somewhere between the source and the observer. Wave passage through a turbulent medium affects gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-01 Pawan Kumar , Paz Beniamini

The effect of gravitational microlensing on the intensity of gravitational radiation as it propagates through an inhomogeneous medium containing small-scale structure is considered. Lensing by both stars and a power law spectrum of density…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Jean-Pierre Macquart

Gravitational lensing by a spinning deflector in translational motion relative to the observer is discussed in the weak field, slow motion approximation. The effect of rotation, which generates an intrinsic gravito-magnetic field, separates…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. Sereno

When gravitational waves propagate near massive objects, their paths curve resulting in gravitational lensing, which is expected to be a promising new instrument in astrophysics. If the time delay between different paths is comparable with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-14 Oleg Bulashenko , Helena Ubach

Gravitational waves propagating across gravitational potentials undergo lensing effects that, in the wave-optics regime, manifest as frequency-dependent amplitude and phase modulations. In this work, we revisit the diffraction integral…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-09 Mariana Carrillo Gonzalez , Valerio De Luca , Alice Garoffolo , Julio Parra-Martinez , Mark Trodden

We discuss the gravitational lensing of gravitational wave signals from coalescing binaries. We delineate the regime where wave effects are significant from the regime where geometric limit can be used. Further, we focus on the effect of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-18 Ashish Kumar Meena , J S Bagla

The dispersion in the peak luminosities of high redshift type Ia supernovae will change with redshift due to gravitational lensing. This lensing is investigated with an emphasis on the prospects of measuring it and separating it from other…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 R Benton Metcalf

We explore the impact of corrections to the propagation on the waveforms of gravitationally lensed gravitational waves under the geometrical optics approximation, focusing on both uniform cosmological modifications and local modifications…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-03 Hiroki Takeda , Takahiro Tanaka

Predictions of the standard thin lens approximation and a new iterative approach to gravitational lensing are compared with an ``exact'' approach in simple test cases involving one or two lenses. We show that the thin lens and iterative…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Thomas P. Kling , Ezra T. Newman , Alejandro Perez

Strong gravitational lensing is a powerful technique for probing galaxy mass distributions and for measuring cosmological parameters. We present a pixelated approach to modeling simultaneously the lens potential and source intensity of…

The observables in a strong gravitational lens are usually just the image positions and sometimes the flux ratios. We develop a new and simple algorithm which allows a set of models to be fitted exactly to the observations. Taking our cue…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 N. W. Evans , H. J. Witt

We have worked out simple analytical formulae that accurately approximate the relationship between the position of the source with respect to the lens center and the amplification of the images, hence the lens cross section, for realistic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 A. Lapi , M. Negrello , J. Gonzalez-Nuevo , Z. -Y. Cai , G. De Zotti , L. Danese

We use comparisons between the shapes of gravitational lens galaxies and models for their mass distributions to derive statistical constraints on the alignment of the mass distribution relative to the observed lens galaxy and on the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 C. S. Kochanek

Many distant objects can only be detected, or become more scientifically valuable, if they have been highly magnified by strong gravitational lensing. We use EAGLE and BAHAMAS, two recent cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, to predict…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-03 Andrew Robertson , Graham P. Smith , Richard Massey , Vincent Eke , Mathilde Jauzac , Matteo Bianconi , Dan Ryczanowski

Accelerated expansion of the Universe prompted searches of modified gravity theory beyond general relativity, instead of adding a mysterious dark energy component with exotic physical properties. One such alternative gravity approach is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-11 Sreekanth Harikumar , Laur Järv , Margus Saal , Aneta Wojnar , Marek Biesiada

Gravitational lensing by gravitational wave is considered. We notice that although final and initial direction of photons coincide, displacement between final and initial trajectories occurs. This displacement is calculated analytically for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-01-31 G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan , O. Yu. Tsupko

The nature of gravity can be tested by how gravitational waves (GWs) are emitted, detected, and propagate through the universe. Propagation tests are powerful, as small deviations compound over cosmological distances. However, GW…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-03 Nicola Menadeo , Miguel Zumalacárregui

Gravitational Lensing is an efficient tool to probe: the mass distribution of collapsed systems: galaxies and clusters; high redshift objects thanks to the gravitational amplification; and the geometry of the Universe. I will review here…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. -P. Kneib