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The three-input TOFFOLI gate is the workhorse of circuit synthesis for classical logic operations on quantum data, e.g., reversible arithmetic circuits. In physical implementations, however, TOFFOLI gates are decomposed into six CNOT gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-03 Vivek V. Shende , Igor L. Markov

The family of $n$-bit Toffoli gates, with the two-bit Toffoli gate as the figurehead, are of great interest in quantum information as they can be used as universal gates and in quantum error correction, among other things. We present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-13 S. E. Rasmussen , K. Groenland , R. Gerritsma , K. Schoutens , N. T. Zinner

We introduce a fault-tolerant construction to implement a composite quantum operation of four overlapping Toffoli gates. The same construction can produce two independent Toffoli gates. This result lowers resource overheads in designs for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-06 Cody Jones

The controlled-SWAP and controlled-controlled-NOT gates are at the heart of the original proposal of reversible classical computation by Fredkin and Toffoli. Their widespread use in quantum computation, both in the implementation of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Pedro M. Q. Cruz , Bruno Murta

We present some compact quantum circuits for a deterministic quantum computing on electron-spin qubits assisted by quantum dots inside single-side optical microcavities, including the CNOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates. They are constructed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-03 Hai-Rui Wei , Fu-Guo Deng

This article traces a brief history of the use of single electron spins to compute. In classical computing schemes, a binary bit is represented by the spin polarization of a single electron confined in a quantum dot. If a weak magnetic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-02-01 S. Bandyopadhyay

An $(n+1)$-bit Toffoli gate is mainly utilized to construct other quantum gates and operators, such as Fredkin gates, arithmetical adders, and logical comparators, where $n \geq 2$. Several researchers introduced different methods to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 Shanyan Chen , Ali Al-Bayaty , Xiaoyu Song , Marek Perkowski

An efficient Monte Carlo algorithm for the simulation of spin models with long-range interactions is discussed. Its central feature is that the number of operations required to flip a spin is independent of the number of interactions…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Erik Luijten

Encoding qubits in multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs) of a quantum system allows less-decoherence quantum information processing with much less quantum resources. We present a compact and scalable quantum circuit to determinately implement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-19 Hai-Rui Wei , Fu-Guo Deng , Gui Lu Long

In this paper, we settle the long-standing open problem of the minimum cost of two-qubit gates for simulating a Toffoli gate. More precisely, we show that five two-qubit gates are necessary. Before our work, it is known that five gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-24 Nengkun Yu , Runyao Duan , Mingsheng Ying

We investigate the feasibility of single-shot Toffoli- and Fredkin-gate realizations in qubit arrays with Heisenberg-type exchange interactions between adjacent qubits. As follows from the Lie-algebraic criteria of controllability, such an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-30 Vladimir M. Stojanovic

Once called a "classically non-describable two-valuedness" by Pauli , the electron spin is a natural resource for long-lived quantum information since it is mostly impervious to electric fluctuations and can be replicated in large arrays…

Embedding a magnetic electroactive molecule in a three-terminal junction allows for the fast and local electric field control of magnetic properties desirable in spintronic devices and quantum gates. Here, we provide an example of this…

We present a proposal for a one-bit full-adder to process classical information based on the quantum reversible dynamics of a triple quantum dot system. The device works via the repeated execution of a Fredkin gate implemented through the…

What is the time-optimal way of realizing quantum operations? Here, we show how important instances of this problem can be related to the study of shortest paths on the surface of a sphere under a special metric. Specifically, we provide an…

In electronics, information has been traditionally stored, processed and communicated using an electron's charge. This paradigm is increasingly turning out to be energy-inefficient, because movement of charge within an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-09-22 Supriyo Bandyopadhyay , Marc Cahay

Landauer's principle places a fundamental lower limit on the work required to perform a logically irreversible operation. Logically reversible gates provide a way to avoid these work costs, and also simplify the task of making the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Ian Seet , Thomas E. Ouldridge , Jonathan P. K. Doye

The \textit{Spirit} framework is designed for atomic scale spin simulations of magnetic systems of arbitrary geometry and magnetic structure, providing a graphical user interface with powerful visualizations and an easy to use scripting…

In this work, we propose a path integral-inspired formalism for computing the quantum thermal expectation values of spin systems, when subject to magnetic fields that can be time-dependent and can accommodate the presence of Heisenberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-18 Thomas Nussle , Stam Nicolis , Iason Sofos , Joseph Barker

A theoretical spin-based scheme for performing a variety of quantum computations is presented. It makes use of an array of multiple identical computer vectors of phosphorus-doped silicon where the nuclei serve as logical qubits and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-08 Aharon Blank