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Training classification models on imbalanced data tends to result in bias towards the majority class. In this paper, we demonstrate how variable discretization and cost-sensitive logistic regression help mitigate this bias on an imbalanced…

Applications · Statistics 2019-07-29 Lili Zhang , Herman Ray , Jennifer Priestley , Soon Tan

In hierarchical multi-label classification, a persistent challenge is enabling model predictions to reach deeper levels of the hierarchy for more detailed or fine-grained classifications. This difficulty partly arises from the natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Isaac Xu , Martin Gillis , Ayushi Sharma , Benjamin Misiuk , Craig J. Brown , Thomas Trappenberg

Class-imbalanced data, in which some classes contain far more samples than others, is ubiquitous in real-world applications. Standard techniques for handling class-imbalance usually work by training on a re-weighted loss or on re-balanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Arpit Bansal , Micah Goldblum , Valeriia Cherepanova , Avi Schwarzschild , C. Bayan Bruss , Tom Goldstein

This paper focuses on forecasting hierarchical time-series data, where each higher-level observation equals the sum of its corresponding lower-level time series. In such contexts, the forecast values should be coherent, meaning that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shuhei Aikawa , Aru Suzuki , Kei Yoshitake , Kanata Teshigawara , Akira Iwabuchi , Ken Kobayashi , Kazuhide Nakata

Data augmentation forms the cornerstone of many modern machine learning training pipelines; yet, the mechanisms by which it works are not clearly understood. Much of the research on data augmentation (DA) has focused on improving existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Damien A. Dablain , Nitesh V. Chawla

Regression, the task of predicting a continuous scalar target y based on some features x is one of the most fundamental tasks in machine learning and statistics. It has been observed and theoretically analyzed that the classical approach,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-19 Lawrence Stewart , Francis Bach , Quentin Berthet

Recent advances in deep learning have shown that uncertainty estimation is becoming increasingly important in applications such as medical imaging, natural language processing, and autonomous systems. However, accurately quantifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Uddeshya Upadhyay , Jae Myung Kim , Cordelia Schmidt , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zeynep Akata

Long-tailed image recognition presents massive challenges to deep learning systems since the imbalance between majority (head) classes and minority (tail) classes severely skews the data-driven deep neural networks. Previous methods tackle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yue Xu , Yong-Lu Li , Jiefeng Li , Cewu Lu

Hierarchical classification addresses the problem of classifying items into a hierarchy of classes. An important issue in hierarchical classification is the evaluation of different classification algorithms, which is complicated by the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-04-01 Aris Kosmopoulos , Ioannis Partalas , Eric Gaussier , Georgios Paliouras , Ion Androutsopoulos

Human attribute analysis is a challenging task in the field of computer vision, since the data is largely imbalance-distributed. Common techniques such as re-sampling and cost-sensitive learning require prior-knowledge to train the system.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Yiru Wang , Weihao Gan , Jie Yang , Wei Wu , Junjie Yan

Hierarchical forecasting methods have been widely used to support aligned decision-making by providing coherent forecasts at different aggregation levels. Traditional hierarchical forecasting approaches, such as the bottom-up and top-down…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Evangelos Spiliotis , Mahdi Abolghasemi , Rob J Hyndman , Fotios Petropoulos , Vassilios Assimakopoulos

Optimal decision-making compels us to anticipate the future at different horizons. However, in many domains connecting together predictions from multiple time horizons and abstractions levels across their organization becomes all the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Julien Leprince , Henrik Madsen , Jan Kloppenborg Møller , Wim Zeiler

We examine the problem of making reconciled forecasts of large collections of related time series through a behavioural/Bayesian lens. Our approach explicitly acknowledges and exploits the 'connectedness' of the series in terms of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-03 Ross Hollyman , Fotios Petropoulos , Michael E. Tipping

This paper proposes a novel graph-based regularized regression estimator - the hierarchical feature regression (HFR) -, which mobilizes insights from the domains of machine learning and graph theory to estimate robust parameters for a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-01-11 Johann Pfitzinger

Semantic segmentation of histopathology images under class imbalance is typically addressed through frequency-based loss reweighting, which implicitly assumes that rare classes are difficult. However, true difficulty also arises from…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Lakmali Nadeesha Kumari , Sen-Ching Samson Cheung

Multivariate time series forecasting with hierarchical structure is widely used in real-world applications, e.g., sales predictions for the geographical hierarchy formed by cities, states, and countries. The hierarchical time series (HTS)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Fan Zhou , Chen Pan , Lintao Ma , Yu Liu , Shiyu Wang , James Zhang , Xinxin Zhu , Xuanwei Hu , Yunhua Hu , Yangfei Zheng , Lei Lei , Yun Hu

In classification problems, sampling bias between training data and testing data is critical to the ranking performance of classification scores. Such bias can be both unintentionally introduced by data collection and intentionally…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-02 Chandler Zuo

Deep-learning based computer vision models have proved themselves to be ground-breaking approaches to human activity recognition (HAR). However, most existing works are dedicated to improve the prediction accuracy through either creating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Mahsun Altın , Furkan Gürsoy , Lina Xu

Active learning aims to reduce the labeling effort that is required to train algorithms by learning an acquisition function selecting the most relevant data for which a label should be requested from a large unlabeled data pool. Active…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Javad Zolfaghari Bengar , Joost van de Weijer , Laura Lopez Fuentes , Bogdan Raducanu

Real-world image super-resolution (Real-SR) is a challenging problem due to the complex degradation patterns in low-resolution images. Unlike approaches that assume a broadly encompassing degradation space, we focus specifically on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Shuchen Lin , Mingtao Feng , Weisheng Dong , Fangfang Wu , Jianqiao Luo , Yaonan Wang , Guangming Shi