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As development of large language models (LLM) progresses, aligning them with human preferences has become increasingly important. We propose stepwise DPO (sDPO), an extension of the recently popularized direct preference optimization (DPO)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Dahyun Kim , Yungi Kim , Wonho Song , Hyeonwoo Kim , Yunsu Kim , Sanghoon Kim , Chanjun Park

This work studies the alignment of large language models with preference data from an imitation learning perspective. We establish a close theoretical connection between reinforcement learning from human feedback RLHF and imitation learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Teng Xiao , Yige Yuan , Mingxiao Li , Zhengyu Chen , Vasant G Honavar

Translation is important for cross-language communication, and many efforts have been made to improve its accuracy. However, less investment is conducted in aligning translations with human preferences, such as translation tones or styles.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shuqiao Sun , Yutong Yao , Peiwen Wu , Feijun Jiang , Kaifu Zhang

One-step text-to-image generator models offer advantages such as swift inference efficiency, flexible architectures, and state-of-the-art generation performance. In this paper, we study the problem of aligning one-step generator models with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Weijian Luo

The alignment problem in Large Language Models (LLMs) involves adapting them to the broad spectrum of human values. This requirement challenges existing alignment methods due to diversity of preferences and regulatory standards. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Xinyu Lu , Bowen Yu , Yaojie Lu , Hongyu Lin , Haiyang Yu , Le Sun , Xianpei Han , Yongbin Li

Recent advancements in text-to-speech (TTS) have shown that language model (LM)-based systems offer competitive performance to their counterparts. Further optimization can be achieved through preference alignment algorithms, which adjust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Jinchuan Tian , Chunlei Zhang , Jiatong Shi , Hao Zhang , Jianwei Yu , Shinji Watanabe , Dong Yu

The alignment of language models with human preferences is vital for their application in real-world tasks. The problem is formulated as optimizing the model's policy to maximize the expected reward that reflects human preferences with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Haozhe Ji , Cheng Lu , Yilin Niu , Pei Ke , Hongning Wang , Jun Zhu , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

A major challenge in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is the issue of distribution shift. LLM alignment algorithms rely on static preference datasets, assuming that they accurately represent real-world user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zaiyan Xu , Sushil Vemuri , Kishan Panaganti , Dileep Kalathil , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran

Large language models have gained immense importance in recent years and have demonstrated outstanding results in solving various tasks. However, despite these achievements, many questions remain unanswered in the context of large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Matthias Uhlig , Sigurd Schacht , Sudarshan Kamath Barkur

In the post-training of large language models (LLMs), Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is an effective approach to achieve generation aligned with human preferences. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) allows for policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Motoki Omura , Yasuhiro Fujita , Toshiki Kataoka

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is a critical challenge in AI research. While methods like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) are widely used, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xuan Qi , Rongwu Xu , Zhijing Jin

The recent success in using human preferences to align large language models (LLMs) has significantly improved their performance in various downstream tasks, such as question answering, mathematical reasoning, and code generation. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xiaoqiang Lin , Arun Verma , Zhongxiang Dai , Daniela Rus , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Recent studies have demonstrated the great potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) serving as zero-shot relevance rankers. The typical approach involves making comparisons between pairs or lists of documents. Although effective, these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Weiwei Sun , Zheng Chen , Xinyu Ma , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Dawei Yin , Zhaochun Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) like OpenAI's GPT series, Anthropic's Claude, and Meta's LLaMa have shown remarkable capabilities in text generation. However, their susceptibility to toxic prompts presents significant security challenges. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jie Li , Yi Liu , Chongyang Liu , Xiaoning Ren , Ling Shi , Weisong Sun , Yinxing Xue

Learning from human preference is a paradigm used in large-scale language model (LLM) fine-tuning step to better align pretrained LLM to human preference for downstream task. In the past it uses reinforcement learning from human feedback…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Shiming Xie , Hong Chen , Fred Yu , Zeye Sun , Xiuyu Wu , Yingfan Hu

Direct Preference Optimisation (DPO) is effective at significantly improving the performance of large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks such as reasoning, summarisation, and alignment. Using pairs of preferred and dispreferred…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Arka Pal , Deep Karkhanis , Samuel Dooley , Manley Roberts , Siddartha Naidu , Colin White

Multi-turn user interactions are among the most abundant data produced by language models, yet we lack effective methods to learn from them. While typically discarded, these interactions often contain useful information: follow-up user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Thomas Kleine Buening , Jonas Hübotter , Barna Pásztor , Idan Shenfeld , Giorgia Ramponi , Andreas Krause

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to execute complex instructions is essential for their real-world applications. However, several recent studies indicate that LLMs struggle with challenging instructions. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Julian Katz-Samuels , Zheng Li , Hyokun Yun , Priyanka Nigam , Yi Xu , Vaclav Petricek , Bing Yin , Trishul Chilimbi

Without using explicit reward, direct preference optimization (DPO) employs paired human preference data to fine-tune generative models, a method that has garnered considerable attention in large language models (LLMs). However, exploration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Yunhong Lu , Qichao Wang , Hengyuan Cao , Xierui Wang , Xiaoyin Xu , Min Zhang

This research investigates the effectiveness of alignment techniques, Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT), Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), and a combined SFT+DPO approach on improving the safety and helpfulness of the OPT-350M language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Piyush Pant
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