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While speech large language models (SpeechLLMs) have advanced standard automatic speech recognition (ASR), contextual biasing for named entities and rare words remains challenging, especially at scale. To address this, we propose BR-ASR: a…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Xun Gong , Anqi Lv , Zhiming Wang , Huijia Zhu , Yanmin Qian

In this paper, we present a bias and sustainability focused investigation of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems, namely Whisper and Massively Multilingual Speech (MMS), which have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performances.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ajinkya Kulkarni , Atharva Kulkarni , Miguel Couceiro , Isabel Trancoso

New-age conversational agent systems perform both speech emotion recognition (SER) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) using two separate and often independent approaches for real-world application in noisy environments. In this paper,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-29 Lokesh Bansal , S. Pavankumar Dubagunta , Malolan Chetlur , Pushpak Jagtap , Aravind Ganapathiraju

We introduce the Universal Speech Model (USM), a single large model that performs automatic speech recognition (ASR) across 100+ languages. This is achieved by pre-training the encoder of the model on a large unlabeled multilingual dataset…

Recently, foundation language models (LMs) have marked significant achievements in the domains of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). Unlike traditional neural network models, foundation LMs obtain a great ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yutao Yang , Jie Zhou , Xuanwen Ding , Tianyu Huai , Shunyu Liu , Qin Chen , Yuan Xie , Liang He

This paper presents the architecture and performance of a novel Multilingual Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system developed by the Transsion Speech Team for Track 1 of the MLC-SLM 2025 Challenge. The proposed system comprises three key…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Xiaoxiao Li , An Zhu , Youhai Jiang , Fengjie Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved impressive results in speech recognition across multiple modalities, including Auditory Speech Recognition (ASR), Visual Speech Recognition (VSR), and Audio-Visual Speech Recognition…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Umberto Cappellazzo , Xubo Liu , Pingchuan Ma , Stavros Petridis , Maja Pantic

Traditional Automated Speaking Assessment (ASA) systems exhibit inherent modality limitations: text-based approaches lack acoustic information while audio-based methods miss semantic context. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) offer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yu-Hsuan Fang , Tien-Hong Lo , Yao-Ting Sung , Berlin Chen

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) of overlapped speech remains a highly challenging task to date. To this end, multi-channel microphone array data are widely used in state-of-the-art ASR systems. Motivated by the invariance of visual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-19 Jianwei Yu , Bo Wu , Rongzhi Gu , Shi-Xiong Zhang , Lianwu Chen , Yong Xu. Meng Yu , Dan Su , Dong Yu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Whisper is a multitask and multilingual speech model covering 99 languages. It yields commendable automatic speech recognition (ASR) results in a subset of its covered languages, but the model still underperforms on a non-negligible number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Thomas Palmeira Ferraz , Marcely Zanon Boito , Caroline Brun , Vassilina Nikoulina

Transcribing and understanding multi-speaker conversations requires speech recognition, speaker attribution, and timestamp localization. While speech LLMs excel at single-speaker tasks, multi-speaker scenarios remain challenging due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-06 Zhennan Lin , Shuai Wang , Zhaokai Sun , Pengyuan Xie , Chuan Xie , Jie Liu , Qiang Zhang , Lei Xie

Despite their impressive performance, self-supervised speech models often struggle to generalize to new languages and tend to forget previously acquired knowledge during continual training. To address this, we propose Lamer-SSL, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jing Xu , Minglin Wu , Xueyuan Chen , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Running automatic speech recognition (ASR) on edge devices is non-trivial due to resource constraints, especially in scenarios that require supporting multiple languages. We propose a new approach to enable multilingual speech recognition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Sangeeta Ghangam , Daniel Whitenack , Joshua Nemecek

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) technologies today are primarily optimized for given datasets; thus, any changes in the application environment (e.g., acoustic conditions or topic domains) may inevitably degrade the performance. We can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Heng-Jui Chang , Hung-yi Lee , Lin-shan Lee

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models demonstrate outstanding performance on high-resource languages but face significant challenges when applied to low-resource languages due to limited training data and insufficient cross-lingual…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Ming-Hao Hsu , Hung-yi Lee

In this paper, we present our studies and experiments carried out for the task 1 of the Challenge and Workshop on Multilingual Conversational Speech Language Model (MLC-SLM), which focuses on advancing multilingual conversational speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Lorenzo Concina , Jordi Luque , Alessio Brutti , Marco Matassoni , Yuchen Zhang

Code-switching (CS) refers to the switching of languages within a speech signal and results in language confusion for automatic speech recognition (ASR). To address language confusion, we propose a language alignment loss (LAL) that aligns…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Hexin Liu , Xiangyu Zhang , Haoyang Zhang , Leibny Paola Garcia , Andy W. H. Khong , Eng Siong Chng , Shinji Watanabe

Sequence-to-sequence attention-based models integrate an acoustic, pronunciation and language model into a single neural network, which make them very suitable for multilingual automatic speech recognition (ASR). In this paper, we are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-06-15 Shiyu Zhou , Shuang Xu , Bo Xu

ASR has achieved remarkable global progress, yet African low-resource languages remain rigorously underrepresented, producing barriers to digital inclusion across the continent with more than +2000 languages. This systematic literature…

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models have achieved remarkable accuracy in general settings, yet their performance often degrades in domain-specific applications due to data mismatch and linguistic variability. This challenge is…

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