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Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) learns optimal policies from fixed datasets, training a policy once and deploying it at inference time without further refinement. Inspired by model predictive control (MPC), we introduce an inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Rohan Deb , Stephen J. Wright , Arindam Banerjee

The offline reinforcement learning (RL) setting (also known as full batch RL), where a policy is learned from a static dataset, is compelling as progress enables RL methods to take advantage of large, previously-collected datasets, much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Justin Fu , Aviral Kumar , Ofir Nachum , George Tucker , Sergey Levine

There is increasing interest in data-driven approaches for recommending optimal treatment strategies in many chronic disease management and critical care applications. Reinforcement learning methods are well-suited to this sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Milashini Nambiar , Supriyo Ghosh , Priscilla Ong , Yu En Chan , Yong Mong Bee , Pavitra Krishnaswamy

This paper studies tabular reinforcement learning (RL) in the hybrid setting, which assumes access to both an offline dataset and online interactions with the unknown environment. A central question boils down to how to efficiently utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Gen Li , Wenhao Zhan , Jason D. Lee , Yuejie Chi , Yuxin Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising solution for autonomous vehicles to deal with complex and uncertain traffic environments. The RL training process is however expensive, unsafe, and time consuming. Algorithms are often developed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kevin Voogd , Jean Pierre Allamaa , Javier Alonso-Mora , Tong Duy Son

We take the novel perspective of incorporating offline RL algorithms as subroutines of tabula rasa online RL. This is feasible because an online learning agent can repurpose its historical interactions as offline dataset. We formalize this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jianhai Su , Jinzhu Luo , Qi Zhang

Offline-to-online Reinforcement Learning (O2O RL) aims to improve the performance of offline pretrained policy using only a few online samples. Built on offline RL algorithms, most O2O methods focus on the balance between RL objective and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yinmin Zhang , Jie Liu , Chuming Li , Yazhe Niu , Yaodong Yang , Yu Liu , Wanli Ouyang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are applied to learn performant, well-generalizing policies when provided with a static dataset of interactions. Many recent approaches to offline RL have seen substantial success, but with one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Padmanaba Srinivasan , William Knottenbelt

Recently, Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable progress with the emergence of various algorithms and datasets. However, these methods usually focus on algorithmic advancements, ignoring that many low-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Bingyi Kang , Xiao Ma , Yirui Wang , Yang Yue , Shuicheng Yan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on massive datasets and later instruction-tuned via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or reinforcement learning (RL). Best practices emphasize large, diverse pretraining data, whereas post-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Adel Javanmard , Baharan Mirzasoleiman , Vahab Mirrokni

This article reviews the recent advances on the statistical foundation of reinforcement learning (RL) in the offline and low-adaptive settings. We will start by arguing why offline RL is the appropriate model for almost any real-life ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Ming Yin , Mengdi Wang , Yu-Xiang Wang

Recent studies on online reinforcement learning (RL) have demonstrated the advantages of learning multiple behaviors from a single task, as in the case of few-shot adaptation to a new environment. Although this approach is expected to yield…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Takayuki Osa , Tatsuya Harada

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn policies without online explorations. To enlarge the training data, model-based offline RL learns a dynamics model which is utilized as a virtual environment to generate simulation data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ziqi Zhao , Zhaochun Ren , Liu Yang , Yunsen Liang , Fajie Yuan , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , jun Ma , Xin Xin

Amazon and other e-commerce sites must employ mechanisms to protect their millions of customers from fraud, such as unauthorized use of credit cards. One such mechanism is order fraud evaluation, where systems evaluate orders for fraud…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Soysal Degirmenci , Chris Jones

Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based control system has received considerable attention in recent decades. However, in many real-world problems, such as Batch Process Control, the environment is uncertain, which requires expensive interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Peng Zhang , Yawen Huang , Bingzhang Hu , Shizheng Wang , Haoran Duan , Noura Al Moubayed , Yefeng Zheng , Yang Long

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can learn complex policies to optimize agent operation over time. RL algorithms have shown promising results in solving complicated problems in recent years. However, their application on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Hamed Khorasgani , Haiyan Wang , Chetan Gupta , Susumu Serita

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) defines a sample-efficient learning paradigm, where a policy is learned from static and previously collected datasets without additional interaction with the environment. The major obstacle to offline RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Yunfan Zhou , Xijun Li , Qingyu Qu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been successful in various domains like robotics, game playing, and simulation. While RL agents have shown impressive capabilities in their specific tasks, they insufficiently adapt to new tasks. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Thomas Schmied , Markus Hofmarcher , Fabian Paischer , Razvan Pascanu , Sepp Hochreiter

We consider reinforcement learning (RL) methods in offline domains without additional online data collection, such as mobile health applications. Most of existing policy optimization algorithms in the computer science literature are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-28 Chengchun Shi , Shikai Luo , Yuan Le , Hongtu Zhu , Rui Song

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) learns policies entirely from static datasets, thereby avoiding the challenges associated with online data collection. Practical applications of offline RL will inevitably require learning from datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Anikait Singh , Aviral Kumar , Quan Vuong , Yevgen Chebotar , Sergey Levine