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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained popularity as a means of scaling the capacity of large language models (LLMs) while maintaining sparse activations and reduced per-token compute. However, in memory-constrained inference settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Vivan Madan , Prajwal Singhania , Abhinav Bhatele , Tom Goldstein , Ashwinee Panda

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) model becomes an important choice of large language models nowadays because of its scalability with sublinear computational complexity for training and inference. However, existing MoE models suffer from two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Xin Chen , Hengheng Zhang , Xiaotao Gu , Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great promise in multilingual machine translation (MT), even with limited bilingual supervision. However, fine-tuning LLMs with parallel corpora presents major challenges, namely parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bo Li , Tianyu Dong , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a practical approach to scale up parameters for the Transformer model to achieve better generalization while maintaining a sub-linear increase in computation overhead. Current MoE models are mainly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Shuqing Luo , Jie Peng , Pingzhi Li , Hanrui Wang , Tianlong Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has gained increasing popularity as a promising framework for scaling up large language models (LLMs). However, the reliability assessment of MoE lags behind its surging applications. Moreover, when transferred to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Guanjie Chen , Xinyu Zhao , Tianlong Chen , Yu Cheng

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become standard in large language models, yet many of their core design choices - expert count, granularity, shared experts, load balancing, token dropping - have only been studied one or two at a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Margaret Li , Sneha Kudugunta , Danielle Rothermel , Luke Zettlemoyer

Sparsely activated models (SAMs), such as Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), can easily scale to have outrageously large amounts of parameters without significant increase in computational cost. However, SAMs are reported to be parameter inefficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Simiao Zuo , Xiaodong Liu , Jian Jiao , Young Jin Kim , Hany Hassan , Ruofei Zhang , Tuo Zhao , Jianfeng Gao

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is increasingly favored for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently, but it depends on heterogeneous compute and memory resources. These factors jointly affect system Cost, Accuracy,…

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is increasingly favored for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently, but it depends on heterogeneous compute and memory resources. These factors jointly affect system Cost, Accuracy,…

Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) presents a strong potential in enlarging the size of language model to trillions of parameters. However, training trillion-scale MoE requires algorithm and system co-design for a well-tuned high performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Jiaao He , Jiezhong Qiu , Aohan Zeng , Zhilin Yang , Jidong Zhai , Jie Tang

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered unprecedented advancements across diverse fields, ranging from natural language processing to computer vision and beyond. The prowess of LLMs is underpinned by their substantial model size,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Weilin Cai , Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Jing Tang , Sunghun Kim , Jiayi Huang

To meet the growing demand for smarter, faster, and more efficient embodied AI solutions, we introduce a novel Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) method that significantly boosts reasoning and learning efficiency for embodied autonomous systems.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Lu Xu , Jiaqian Yu , Xiongfeng Peng , Yiwei Chen , Weiming Li , Jaewook Yoo , Sunghyun Chunag , Dongwook Lee , Daehyun Ji , Chao Zhang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is a powerful technique for scaling language models, yet it often suffers from expert homogenization, where experts learn redundant functionalities, thereby limiting MoE's full potential. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaang Li , Haibin Chen , Langming Liu , Yujin Yuan , Yadao Wang , Yizhen Zhang , Chengting Yu , Xin Tong , Weidong Zhang , Shilei Liu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Scaling large language models has driven remarkable advancements across various domains, yet the continual increase in model size presents significant challenges for real-world deployment. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shwai He , Daize Dong , Liang Ding , Ang Li

Upcycling pre-trained dense language models into sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) models is an efficient approach to increase the model capacity of already trained models. However, optimal techniques for upcycling at scale remain unclear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ethan He , Abhinav Khattar , Ryan Prenger , Vijay Korthikanti , Zijie Yan , Tong Liu , Shiqing Fan , Ashwath Aithal , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a primary solution for reducing the computational cost of Large Language Models. In this work, we analyze their scaling properties, incorporating an expanded range of variables. Specifically,…

We present MoST (Mixture of Speech and Text), a novel multimodal large language model that seamlessly integrates speech and text processing through our proposed Modality-Aware Mixture of Experts (MAMoE) architecture. While current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yuxuan Lou , Kai Yang , Yang You

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models substantially improve performance by increasing the capacity of dense architectures. However, directly training MoE models requires considerable computational resources and introduces extra overhead in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jiacheng Ruan , Daize Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Tong Zhu , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu , Yu Cheng , Suncheng Xiang

Sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) layers have been shown to substantially increase model capacity without a proportional increase in computational cost and are widely used in transformer architectures, where they typically replace…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Svetlana Pavlitska , Haixi Fan , Konstantin Ditschuneit , J. Marius Zöllner

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) has emerged as a highly successful technique in deep learning, based on the principle of divide-and-conquer to maximize model capacity without significant additional computational cost. Even in the era of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Boan Liu , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Keqin Peng , Yu Cao , Dazhao Cheng , Dacheng Tao