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A fundamental task in quantum information science is to measure nonlinear functionals of quantum states, such as $\mathrm{Tr}(\rho^k O)$. Intuitively, one expects that computing a $k$-th order quantity generally requires $O(k)$ copies of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Yukun Zhang , Yusen Wu , You Zhou , Xiao Yuan

We consider quantum-classical hybrid machine learning in which large-scale input channels remain classical and small-scale working channels process quantum operations conditioned on classical input data. This does not require the conversion…

Quantum Boltzmann machines (QBMs) are machine-learning models for both classical and quantum data. We give an operational definition of QBM learning in terms of the difference in expectation values between the model and target, taking into…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Luuk Coopmans , Marcello Benedetti

We study the complexity of smoothed agnostic learning of halfspaces on $\{\pm 1\}^n$ under uniform marginals in the model of~\cite{KM25}, where each input coordinate is independently flipped with probability $\sigma \in (0, {1}/{2})$. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tim Sinen

Classification is at the core of data-driven prediction and decision-making, representing a fundamental task in supervised machine learning. Recently, several quantum machine learning algorithms that use quantum kernels as a measure of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-12 Jungyun Lee , Daniel K. Park

We study the complexity of two closely related learning problems, one quantum and one classical. In the quantum setting, we consider agnostic tomography for the natural class of product mixed states. Given $N$ copies of an $n$-qubit state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Alvan Arulandu , Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel Kane , Jerry Li

Symmetry underlies many of the most effective classical and quantum learning algorithms, yet whether quantum learners can gain a fundamental advantage under symmetry-imposed structures remains an open question. Based on evidence that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Tuyen Nguyen , Mária Kieferová , Amira Abbas

We establish a tight characterization of the worst-case rates for the excess risk of agnostic learning with sample compression schemes and for uniform convergence for agnostic sample compression schemes. In particular, we find that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Steve Hanneke , Aryeh Kontorovich

In the Quantum Supremacy regime, quantum computers may overcome classical machines on several tasks if we can estimate, mitigate, or correct unavoidable hardware noise. Estimating the error requires classical simulations, which become…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-10 Nicolo Colombo

We study the problem of agnostically learning halfspaces which is defined by a fixed but unknown distribution $\mathcal{D}$ on $\mathbb{Q}^n\times \{\pm 1\}$. We define $\mathrm{Err}_{\mathrm{HALF}}(\mathcal{D})$ as the least error of a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-03-15 Amit Daniely

Quantum algorithms can deliver asymptotic speedups over their classical counterparts. However, there are few cases where a substantial quantum speedup has been worked out in detail for reasonably-sized problems, when compared with the best…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Earl Campbell , Ankur Khurana , Ashley Montanaro

We put forward a Quantum Amplitude Estimation algorithm delivering superior performance (lower quantum computational complexity and faster classical computation parts) compared to the approaches available to-date. The algorithm does not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-25 Alet Roux , Tomasz Zastawniak

Quantum data access and quantum processing can make certain classically intractable learning tasks feasible. However, quantum capabilities will only be available to a select few in the near future. Thus, reliable schemes that allow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-07 Matthias C. Caro , Marcel Hinsche , Marios Ioannou , Alexander Nietner , Ryan Sweke

Although a concept class may be learnt more efficiently using quantum samples as compared with classical samples in certain scenarios, Arunachalam and de Wolf (JMLR, 2018) proved that quantum learners are asymptotically no more efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Shima Bab Hadiashar , Ashwin Nayak , Pulkit Sinha

We introduce a classical-quantum hybrid approach to computation, allowing for a quadratic performance improvement in the decision process of a learning agent. In particular, a quantum routine is described, which encodes on a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 A. Sannia , A. Giordano , N. Lo Gullo , C. Mastroianni , F. Plastina

Classical verification of quantum learning allows classical clients to reliably leverage quantum computing advantages by interacting with untrusted quantum servers. Yet, current quantum devices available in practice suffers from a variety…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Yinghao Ma , Jiaxi Su , Dong-Ling Deng

The field of Quantum Computing has gathered significant popularity in recent years and a large number of papers have studied its effectiveness in tackling many tasks. We focus in particular on Quantum Annealing (QA), a meta-heuristic solver…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Riccardo Pellini , Maurizio Ferrari Dacrema

Linear regression is one of the most fundamental linear algebra problems. Given a dense matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times d}$ and a vector $b$, the goal is to find $x'$ such that $ \| Ax' - b \|_2^2 \leq (1+\epsilon) \min_{x} \| A x - b…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Zhao Song , Junze Yin , Ruizhe Zhang

Agnostic learning of Boolean halfspaces is a fundamental problem in computational learning theory, but it is known to be computationally hard even for weak learning. Recent work [CKKMK24] proposed smoothed analysis as a way to bypass such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yiwen Kou , Raghu Meka

We study the problem of PAC learning $\gamma$-margin halfspaces with Random Classification Noise. We establish an information-computation tradeoff suggesting an inherent gap between the sample complexity of the problem and the sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Ilias Diakonikolas , Jelena Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Puqian Wang , Nikos Zarifis