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Generative pre-trained models power intelligent software features used by millions of users controlled by developer-written natural language prompts. Despite the impact of prompt-powered software, little is known about its development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Jenny T. Liang , Melissa Lin , Nikitha Rao , Brad A. Myers

As designers become familiar with Generative AI, a new concept is emerging: Agentic AI. While generative AI produces output in response to prompts, agentic AI systems promise to perform mundane tasks autonomously, potentially freeing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Samangi Wadinambiarachchi , Jenny Waycott , Yvonne Rogers , Greg Wadley

Despite the widespread use of artificial intelligence (AI), designing user experiences (UX) for AI-powered systems remains challenging. UX designers face hurdles understanding AI technologies, such as pre-trained language models, as design…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Q. Vera Liao , Hariharan Subramonyam , Jennifer Wang , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan

Well-designed prompts can guide text-to-image models to generate amazing images. However, the performant prompts are often model-specific and misaligned with user input. Instead of laborious human engineering, we propose prompt adaptation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Yaru Hao , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei

During the early stages of interface design, designers need to produce multiple sketches to explore a design space. Design tools often fail to support this critical stage, because they insist on specifying more details than necessary.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Aryan Garg , Yue Jiang , Antti Oulasvirta

The emergence of foundation models, such as large language models (LLMs) GPT-4 and text-to-image models DALL-E, has opened up numerous possibilities across various domains. People can now use natural language (i.e. prompts) to communicate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yu Cheng , Jieshan Chen , Qing Huang , Zhenchang Xing , Xiwei Xu , Qinghua Lu

We introduce PromptCanvas, a concept that transforms prompting into a composable, widget-based experience on an infinite canvas. Users can generate, customize, and arrange interactive widgets representing various facets of their text,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Rifat Mehreen Amin , Oliver Hans Kühle , Daniel Buschek , Andreas Butz

Text-to-image generation model is able to generate images across a diverse range of subjects and styles based on a single prompt. Recent works have proposed a variety of interaction methods that help users understand the capabilities of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Seungho Baek , Hyerin Im , Jiseung Ryu , Juhyeong Park , Takyeon Lee

Despite the remarkable successes of large language models (LLMs), the underlying Transformer architecture has inherent limitations in handling complex reasoning tasks. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a practical workaround,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Xiang Zhang , Juntai Cao , Jiaqi Wei , Chenyu You , Dujian Ding

We present a novel framework to advance generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the realm of printed art products, specifically addressing large-format products that require high-resolution artworks. The framework consists…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Noah Pursell , Anindya Maiti

Artificial intelligence is increasingly being integrated into professional audio production workflows, yet a gap persists between the tools developers produce and the requirements of practising sound designers. This paper investigates this…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Nelly Garcia , Joshua Reiss

Prompt engineering has emerged as a powerful technique for guiding large language models (LLMs) toward desired responses, significantly enhancing their performance across diverse tasks. Beyond their role as static predictors, LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Ryumei Nakada , Wenlong Ji , Tianxi Cai , James Zou , Linjun Zhang

Interface agents powered by generative AI models (referred to as "agents") can automate actions based on user commands. An important aspect of developing agents is their user experience (i.e., agent experience). There is a growing need to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jenny T. Liang , Titus Barik , Jeffrey Nichols , Eldon Schoop , Ruijia Cheng

Lightweight language models remain attractive for on-device and privacy-sensitive applications, but their responses are highly sensitive to prompt quality. For open-ended generation, non-expert users often lack the knowledge or time to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yizhou Xu , Janet Davis

While current chat-based AI assistants primarily operate reactively, responding only when prompted by users, there is significant potential for these systems to proactively assist in tasks without explicit invocation, enabling a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Valerie Chen , Alan Zhu , Sebastian Zhao , Hussein Mozannar , David Sontag , Ameet Talwalkar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming software engineering, with coding assistants embedded in an IDE becoming increasingly prevalent. While research has focused on improving the tools and understanding developer…

The practical use of text-to-image generation has evolved from simple, monolithic models to complex workflows that combine multiple specialized components. While workflow-based approaches can lead to improved image quality, crafting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Rinon Gal , Adi Haviv , Yuval Alaluf , Amit H. Bermano , Daniel Cohen-Or , Gal Chechik

Since the launch of ChatGPT, a powerful AI Chatbot developed by OpenAI, large language models (LLMs) have made significant advancements in both academia and industry, bringing about a fundamental engineering paradigm shift in many areas.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Xiaoxia Liu , Jingyi Wang , Jun Sun , Xiaohan Yuan , Guoliang Dong , Peng Di , Wenhai Wang , Dongxia Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are now accessible to anyone with a computer, a web browser, and an internet connection via browser-based interfaces, shifting the dynamics of participation in AI development. This article examines how…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ned Cooper , Alexandra Zafiroglu

Creative writing is a deeply human craft, yet AI systems using large language models (LLMs) offer the automation of significant parts of the writing process. So why do some creative writers choose to use AI? Through interviews and observed…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Alicia Guo , Shreya Sathyanarayanan , Leijie Wang , Jeffrey Heer , Amy Zhang