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We investigate how large language models perform on low-resource languages by benchmarking eight LLMs across five experimental conditions in English, Kazakh, and Mongolian. Using 50 hand-crafted questions spanning factual, reasoning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abdul-Salem Beibitkhan

Large language models (LLMs) are designed to perform a wide range of tasks. To improve their ability to solve complex problems requiring multi-step reasoning, recent research leverages process reward modeling to provide fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Weixuan Wang , Minghao Wu , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Multilingual pre-trained language models, such as mBERT and XLM-R, have shown impressive cross-lingual ability. Surprisingly, both of them use multilingual masked language model (MLM) without any cross-lingual supervision or aligned data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Yuan Chai , Yaobo Liang , Nan Duan

Multilingual language models have shown decent performance in multilingual and cross-lingual natural language understanding tasks. However, the power of these multilingual models in code-switching tasks has not been fully explored. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Genta Indra Winata , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Zihan Liu , Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

In this study, we reveal an in-context learning (ICL) capability of multilingual large language models (LLMs): by translating the input to several languages, we provide Parallel Input in Multiple Languages (PiM) to LLMs, which significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yongyu Mu , Peinan Feng , Zhiquan Cao , Yuzhang Wu , Bei Li , Chenglong Wang , Tong Xiao , Kai Song , Tongran Liu , Chunliang Zhang , Jingbo Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional natural language understanding abilities and have excelled in a variety of natural language processing (NLP)tasks in recent years. Despite the fact that most LLMs are trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xiang Zhang , Senyu Li , Bradley Hauer , Ning Shi , Grzegorz Kondrak

Multilingual transfer ability, which reflects how well the models fine-tuned on one source language can be applied to other languages, has been well studied in multilingual pre-trained models (e.g., BLOOM). However, such ability has not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Jiacheng Ye , Xijia Tao , Lingpeng Kong

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on extensive multilingual corpora to acquire both language-specific cultural knowledge and general knowledge. Ideally, while LLMs should provide consistent responses to culture-independent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yumeng Wang , Zhiyuan Fan , Qingyun Wang , May Fung , Heng Ji

Large language models (LLMs) can perform reasoning computations both internally within their latent space and externally by generating explicit token sequences like chains of thought. Significant progress in enhancing reasoning abilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive multilingual capabilities through pretraining on diverse corpora. Although these models show strong reasoning abilities, their performance varies significantly between languages due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Weihua Zheng , Xin Huang , Zhengyuan Liu , Tarun Kumar Vangani , Bowei Zou , Xiyan Tao , Yuhao Wu , Ai Ti Aw , Nancy F. Chen , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters exhibit in-context learning abilities, enabling few-shot learning on tasks that the model was not specifically trained for. Traditional models achieve breakthrough performance on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Aske Plaat , Annie Wong , Suzan Verberne , Joost Broekens , Niki van Stein , Thomas Back

Large Language Models (LLMs) have remarkable capabilities across NLP tasks. However, their performance in multilingual contexts, especially within the mental health domain, has not been thoroughly explored. In this paper, we evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nishat Raihan , Sadiya Sayara Chowdhury Puspo , Ana-Maria Bucur , Stevie Chancellor , Marcos Zampieri

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the cognitive ability to infer and attribute mental states to oneself and others. As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly evaluated for social and cognitive capabilities, it remains unclear to what…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Jayanta Sadhu , Ayan Antik Khan , Noshin Nawal , Sanju Basak , Abhik Bhattacharjee , Rifat Shahriyar

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit significant disparities in performance across languages, primarily benefiting high-resource languages while marginalizing underrepresented ones. Continual Pretraining (CPT) has emerged as a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Hengyu Luo , Jörg Tiedemann

Practical needs of developing task-oriented dialogue assistants require the ability to understand many languages. Novel benchmarks for multilingual natural language understanding (NLU) include monolingual sentences in several languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Alexey Birshert , Ekaterina Artemova

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various natural language processing tasks but face challenges in mathematical reasoning, where complex problem-solving requires both linguistic understanding and mathematical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Shuguang Chen , Guang Lin

Large language models (LLMs) are highly adept at question answering and reasoning tasks, but when reasoning in a situational context, human expectations vary depending on the relevant cultural common ground. As languages are associated with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chen Cecilia Liu , Fajri Koto , Timothy Baldwin , Iryna Gurevych

Large language models (LLMs) excel on a variety of reasoning benchmarks, but previous studies suggest they sometimes struggle to generalize to unseen questions, potentially due to over-reliance on memorized training examples. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yihuai Hong , Dian Zhou , Meng Cao , Lei Yu , Zhijing Jin

Multilingual Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit robust cross-lingual transfer capabilities, or the ability to leverage information acquired in a source language and apply it to a target language. These capabilities find practical applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Shadi Manafi , Nikhil Krishnaswamy

Large language models show compelling performance on reasoning tasks but they tend to perform much worse in languages other than English. This is unsurprising given that their training data largely consists of English text and instructions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Wenhao Zhu , Shujian Huang , Fei Yuan , Shuaijie She , Jiajun Chen , Alexandra Birch