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Message-passing neural networks (MPNNs) are a powerful framework for learning representations of graph-structured domains. However, weights in MPNNs act on features only, limiting their ability to capture structural patterns. We introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Florian Seiffarth

Message passing has become the dominant framework in graph representation learning. The essential idea of the message-passing framework is to update node embeddings based on the information aggregated from local neighbours. However, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Haimin Zhang , Min Xu

Message passing neural networks (MPNNs) operate on graphs by exchanging information between neigbouring nodes. MPNNs have been successfully applied to various node-, edge-, and graph-level tasks in areas like molecular science, computer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Lisi Qarkaxhija , Anatol E. Wegner , Ingo Scholtes

Message-passing has proved to be an effective way to design graph neural networks, as it is able to leverage both permutation equivariance and an inductive bias towards learning local structures in order to achieve good generalization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Clement Vignac , Andreas Loukas , Pascal Frossard

Hypergraphs are vital in modelling data with higher-order relations containing more than two entities, gaining prominence in machine learning and signal processing. Many hypergraph neural networks leverage message passing over hypergraph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-09 Bohan Tang , Siheng Chen , Xiaowen Dong

Hypergraphs are crucial for modelling higher-order interactions in real-world data. Hypergraph neural networks (HNNs) effectively utilise these structures by message passing to generate informative node features for various downstream tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Bohan Tang , Zexi Liu , Keyue Jiang , Siheng Chen , Xiaowen Dong

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) have emerged as the {\em de facto} standard in graph representation learning. However, when it comes to link prediction, they often struggle, surpassed by simple heuristics such as Common Neighbor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Kaiwen Dong , Zhichun Guo , Nitesh V. Chawla

Message passing neural networks (MPNNs) learn the representation of graph-structured data based on graph original information, including node features and graph structures, and have shown astonishing improvement in node classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Xiao Liu , Lijun Zhang , Hui Guan

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful inductive bias for modelling algorithmic reasoning procedures and data structures. Their prowess was mainly demonstrated on tasks featuring Markovian dynamics, where querying any associated data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Heiko Strathmann , Mohammadamin Barekatain , Charles Blundell , Petar Veličković

Graph Transformers are popular neural networks that extend the well-known Transformer architecture to the graph domain. These architectures operate by applying self-attention on graph nodes and incorporating graph structure through the use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Linus Bao , Emily Jin , Michael Bronstein , İsmail İlkan Ceylan , Matthias Lanzinger

While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success, their design largely relies on empirical intuition rather than theoretical understanding. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of GNN behavior through three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Qin Jiang , Chengjia Wang , Michael Lones , Wei Pang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are the state-of-the-art model for machine learning on graph-structured data. The most popular class of GNNs operate by exchanging information between adjacent nodes, and are known as Message Passing Neural…

Graph Neural Network (GNN) has been demonstrated its effectiveness in dealing with non-Euclidean structural data. Both spatial-based and spectral-based GNNs are relying on adjacency matrix to guide message passing among neighbors during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Yang Hu , Haoxuan You , Zhecan Wang , Zhicheng Wang , Erjin Zhou , Yue Gao

Most Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) propagate messages by treating node embeddings as holistic feature vectors, implicitly assuming uniform relevance across feature dimensions. This limits their ability to selectively transmit informative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Longlong Li , Mengyang Zhao , Guanghui Wang , Cunquan Qu

Message Passing Neural Networks (MPNNs) are instances of Graph Neural Networks that leverage the graph to send messages over the edges. This inductive bias leads to a phenomenon known as over-squashing, where a node feature is insensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Francesco Di Giovanni , Lorenzo Giusti , Federico Barbero , Giulia Luise , Pietro Lio' , Michael Bronstein

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have become an indispensable tool for analyzing relational data. Classical GNNs are broadly classified into three variants: convolutional, attentional, and message-passing. While the standard message-passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Brian Godwin Lim , Galvin Brice Lim , Renzo Roel Tan , Irwin King , Kazushi Ikeda

Recent years have witnessed great success in handling graph-related tasks with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). However, most existing GNNs are based on message passing to perform feature aggregation and transformation, where the structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Lirong Wu , Haitao Lin , Guojiang Zhao , Cheng Tan , Stan Z. Li

We propose Scalable Message Passing Neural Networks (SMPNNs) and demonstrate that, by integrating standard convolutional message passing into a Pre-Layer Normalization Transformer-style block instead of attention, we can produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Artem Lukoianov , Anastasis Kratsios , Michael Bronstein , Xiaowen Dong

Message passing plays a vital role in graph neural networks (GNNs) for effective feature learning. However, the over-reliance on input topology diminishes the efficacy of message passing and restricts the ability of GNNs. Despite efforts to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Junshu Sun , Chenxue Yang , Xiangyang Ji , Qingming Huang , Shuhui Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools for learning on graph-structured data, but often struggle to balance local and global information. While graph Transformers aim to address this by enabling long-range interactions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jeongwhan Choi , Seungjun Park , Sumin Park , Sung-Bae Cho , Noseong Park
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