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Privately counting distinct elements in a stream is a fundamental data analysis problem with many applications in machine learning. In the turnstile model, Jain et al. [NeurIPS2023] initiated the study of this problem parameterized by the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Monika Henzinger , A. R. Sricharan , Teresa Anna Steiner

The turnstile continual release model of differential privacy captures scenarios where a privacy-preserving real-time analysis is sought for a dataset evolving through additions and deletions. In typical applications of real-time data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rachel Cummings , Alessandro Epasto , Jieming Mao , Tamalika Mukherjee , Tingting Ou , Peilin Zhong

Privacy-preserving estimation of counts of items in streaming data finds applications in several real-world scenarios including word auto-correction and traffic management applications. Recent works of RAPPOR and Apple's count-mean sketch…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Dinusha Vatsalan , Raghav Bhaskar , Mohamed Ali Kaafar

Privacy is a central challenge for systems that learn from sensitive data sets, especially when a system's outputs must be continuously updated to reflect changing data. We consider the achievable error for differentially private continual…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Palak Jain , Iden Kalemaj , Sofya Raskhodnikova , Satchit Sivakumar , Adam Smith

Two prevalent models in the data stream literature are the insertion-only and turnstile models. Unfortunately, many important streaming problems require a $\Theta(\log(n))$ multiplicative factor more space for turnstile streams than for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Rajesh Jayaram , David P. Woodruff

We present the first feasible method for sampling a dynamic data stream with deletions, where the sample consists of pairs $(k,C_k)$ of a value $k$ and its exact total count $C_k$. Our algorithms are for both Strict Turnstile data streams…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-09-26 Neta Barkay , Ely Porat , Bar Shalem

The first large-scale deployment of private federated learning uses differentially private counting in the continual release model as a subroutine (Google AI blog titled "Federated Learning with Formal Differential Privacy Guarantees"). In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Monika Henzinger , Jalaj Upadhyay , Sarvagya Upadhyay

We revisit one of the classic problems in the data stream literature, namely, that of estimating the frequency moments $F_p$ for $0 < p < 2$ of an underlying $n$-dimensional vector presented as a sequence of additive updates in a stream. It…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-07 Vladimir Braverman , Emanuele Viola , David Woodruff , Lin F. Yang

Estimating the number of subgraphs in data streams is a fundamental problem that has received great attention in the past decade. In this paper, we give improved streaming algorithms for approximately counting the number of occurrences of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Hendrik Fichtenberger , Pan Peng

In the turnstile streaming model, a dynamic vector $\mathbf{x}=(\mathbf{x}_1,\ldots,\mathbf{x}_n)\in \mathbb{Z}^n$ is updated by a stream of entry-wise increments/decrements. Let $f\colon\mathbb{Z}\to \mathbb{R}_+$ be a symmetric function…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Dingyu Wang

Estimating the number of distinct elements in a data stream is well understood when repeated elements are identical. In modern settings, however, observations are high-dimensional and noisy, so repeated instances of the same object are only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-18 Nikos Tsikouras , Constantine Caramanis , Christos Tzamos

We study differentially-private statistics in the fully dynamic continual observation model, where many updates can arrive at each time step and updates to a stream can involve both insertions and deletions of an item. Earlier work (e.g.,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Joel Daniel Andersson , Palak Jain , Satchit Sivakumar

We analyze here in details the probability to find a given number of particles in a finite volume inside a normal or superfluid finite system. This probability, also known as counting statistics, is obtained using projection operator…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-01-22 Denis Lacroix , Sakir Ayik

We study the problem of differentially private continual counting in the unbounded setting where the input size $n$ is not known in advance. Current state-of-the-art algorithms based on optimal instantiations of the matrix mechanism cannot…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ben Jacobsen , Kassem Fawaz

Counting is among the most fundamental operations in computing. For example, counting the pth frequency moment has been a very active area of research, in theoretical computer science, databases, and data mining. When p=1, the task (i.e.,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-02-24 Ping Li

We study differentially private continual release of the number of distinct items in a turnstile stream, where items may be both inserted and deleted. A recent work of Jain, Kalemaj, Raskhodnikova, Sivakumar, and Smith (NeurIPS '23) shows…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Anders Aamand , Justin Y. Chen , Sandeep Silwal

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSP's) and data stream models are two powerful abstractions to capture a wide variety of problems arising in different domains of computer science. Developments in the two communities have mostly occurred…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-04 A. Pavan , N. V. Vinodchandran , Arnab Bhattacharyya , Kuldeep S. Meel

A technique introduced by Indyk and Woodruff [STOC 2005] has inspired several recent advances in data-stream algorithms. We show that a number of these results follow easily from the application of a single probabilistic method called…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-04-26 Alexandr Andoni , Robert Krauthgamer , Krzysztof Onak

We present a differentially private mechanism to display statistics (e.g., the moving average) of a stream of real valued observations where the bound on each observation is either too conservative or unknown in advance. This is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Victor Perrier , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Dali Kaafar

We introduce the Hamming Ball Sampler, a novel Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, for efficient inference in statistical models involving high-dimensional discrete state spaces. The sampling scheme uses an auxiliary variable construction…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-05 Michalis K. Titsias , Christopher Yau
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