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In response to the demand for Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), we investigate the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to transform ML explanations into natural, human-readable narratives. Rather than directly explaining ML models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Alexandra Zytek , Sara Pidò , Kalyan Veeramachaneni

The lack of explainability of a decision from an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based "black box" system/model, despite its superiority in many real-world applications, is a key stumbling block for adopting AI in many high stakes applications…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sheikh Rabiul Islam , William Eberle , Sheikh Khaled Ghafoor , Mohiuddin Ahmed

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to make machine learning models transparent and trustworthy, yet most current approaches communicate explanations visually or through text. This paper introduces an information theoretic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

State of the art Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have reached an impressive complexity. Consequently, researchers are discovering more and more methods to use them in real-world applications. However, the complexity of such systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Marco Matarese , Francesco Rea , Alessandra Sciutti

While a vast collection of explainable AI (XAI) algorithms have been developed in recent years, they are often criticized for significant gaps with how humans produce and consume explanations. As a result, current XAI techniques are often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Vivian Lai , Yiming Zhang , Chacha Chen , Q. Vera Liao , Chenhao Tan

Explainable AI (XAI) is an increasingly important area of machine learning research, which aims to make black-box models transparent and interpretable. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to XAI that uses the so-called counterfactual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Bastian Pfeifer , Mateusz Krzyzinski , Hubert Baniecki , Anna Saranti , Andreas Holzinger , Przemyslaw Biecek

eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims at providing understandable explanations of black box models. In this paper, we evaluate current XAI methods by scoring them based on ground truth simulations and sensitivity analysis. To this…

Existing local Explainable AI (XAI) methods, such as LIME, select a region of the input space in the vicinity of a given input instance, for which they approximate the behaviour of a model using a simpler and more interpretable surrogate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Saif Anwar , Nathan Griffiths , Abhir Bhalerao , Thomas Popham

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques are increasingly important for the validation and responsible use of modern deep learning models, but are difficult to evaluate due to the lack of good ground-truth to compare against. We propose a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Amritpal Singh , Andrey Barsky , Mohamed Ali Souibgui , Ernest Valveny , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has predominantly focused on generating model-centric explanations that approximate the behavior of black-box models. However, such explanations often overlook a fundamental aspect of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Salvatore Greco , Jacek Karolczak , Roman Słowiński , Jerzy Stefanowski

As narrative extraction systems grow in complexity, establishing user trust through interpretable and explainable outputs becomes increasingly critical. This paper presents an evaluation of an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Brian Keith , Fausto German , Eric Krokos , Sarah Joseph , Chris North

In the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), counterfactual examples explain to a user the predictions of a trained decision model by indicating the modifications to be made to the instance so as to change its associated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Thibault Laugel , Adulam Jeyasothy , Marie-Jeanne Lesot , Christophe Marsala , Marcin Detyniecki

EXplainable AI (XAI) is an essential topic to improve human understanding of deep neural networks (DNNs) given their black-box internals. For computer vision tasks, mainstream pixel-based XAI methods explain DNN decisions by identifying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Ao Sun , Pingchuan Ma , Yuanyuan Yuan , Shuai Wang

Although several post-hoc methods for explainable AI have been developed, most are static and neglect the user perspective, limiting their effectiveness for the target audience. In response, we developed the interactive explainable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Pauline Speckmann , Mario Nadj , Christian Janiesch

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques hold significant potential for enhancing the causal discovery process, which is crucial for understanding complex systems in areas like healthcare, economics, and artificial intelligence.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jesus Renero , Idoia Ochoa , Roberto Maestre

Many explainable AI (XAI) techniques strive for interpretability by providing concise salient information, such as sparse linear factors. However, users either only see inaccurate global explanations, or highly-varying local explanations.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jessica Y. Bo , Pan Hao , Brian Y. Lim

Despite explainable AI (XAI) has recently become a hot topic and several different approaches have been developed, there is still a widespread belief that it lacks a convincing unifying foundation. On the other hand, over the past…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Martina Mattioli , Antonio Emanuele Cinà , Marcello Pelillo

Although deep neural networks hold the state-of-the-art in several remote sensing tasks, their black-box operation hinders the understanding of their decisions, concealing any bias and other shortcomings in datasets and model performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Ioannis Kakogeorgiou , Konstantinos Karantzalos

Explainable AI (XAI) is paramount in industry-grade AI; however existing methods fail to address this necessity, in part due to a lack of standardisation of explainability methods. The purpose of this paper is to offer a perspective on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Othman Benchekroun , Adel Rahimi , Qini Zhang , Tetiana Kodliuk

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to help human decision-makers in understanding complex machine learning (ML) models. One of the hallmarks of XAI are measures of relative feature importance, which are theoretically justified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Joao Marques-Silva , Xuanxiang Huang