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There are many real-world classification problems wherein the issue of data imbalance (the case when a data set contains substantially more samples for one/many classes than the rest) is unavoidable. While under-sampling the problematic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-09 John McKay , Isaac Gerg , Vishal Monga

We study the behavior of linear discriminant functions for binary classification in the infinite-imbalance limit, where the sample size of one class grows without bound while the sample size of the other remains fixed. The coefficients of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-15 Paul Glasserman , Mike Li

Class imbalance is a pervasive problem in predictive toxicology, where the number of non-toxic compounds often exceeds the number of toxic ones. Models trained on such data often perform well on the majority class but poorly on the minority…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-10 Stanley E. Lazic

In real-world classification problems, the class balance in the training dataset does not necessarily reflect that of the test dataset, which can cause significant estimation bias. If the class ratio of the test dataset is known, instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Marthinus Du Plessis , Masashi Sugiyama

Classification on imbalanced datasets is a challenging task in real-world applications. Training conventional classification algorithms directly by minimizing classification error in this scenario can compromise model performance for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Xiangrui Li , Dongxiao Zhu

A number of classification problems need to deal with data imbalance between classes. Often it is desired to have a high recall on the minority class while maintaining a high precision on the majority class. In this paper, we review a…

Applications · Statistics 2016-08-23 Ajinkya More

With the rapid increase of large-scale, real-world datasets, it becomes critical to address the problem of long-tailed data distribution (i.e., a few classes account for most of the data, while most classes are under-represented). Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-18 Yin Cui , Menglin Jia , Tsung-Yi Lin , Yang Song , Serge Belongie

In this work, we introduce a modified (rescaled) likelihood for imbalanced logistic regression. This new approach makes easier the use of exponential priors and the computation of lasso regularization path. Precisely, we study a limiting…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-19 Vincent Runge

In this paper, we propose a balancing training method to address problems in imbalanced data learning. To this end, we derive a new loss used in the balancing training phase that alleviates the influence of samples that cause an overfitted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Seulki Park , Jongin Lim , Younghan Jeon , Jin Young Choi

Recently, deep learning models have achieved great success in computer vision applications, relying on large-scale class-balanced datasets. However, imbalanced class distributions still limit the wide applicability of these models due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Yechan Kim , Younkwan Lee , Moongu Jeon

Medical diagnosis might fail due to bias. In this work, we identified class-feature bias, which refers to models' potential reliance on features that are strongly correlated with only a subset of classes, leading to biased performance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Lishi Zuo , Man-Wai Mak , Lu Yi , Youzhi Tu

Learning classifiers using skewed or imbalanced datasets can occasionally lead to classification issues; this is a serious issue. In some cases, one class contains the majority of examples while the other, which is frequently the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Satyendra Singh Rawat , Amit Kumar Mishra

In last few years there are major changes and evolution has been done on classification of data. As the application area of technology is increases the size of data also increases. Classification of data becomes difficult because of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-09 Rushi Longadge , Snehalata Dongre

When the competing classes in a classification problem are not of comparable size, many popular classifiers exhibit a bias towards larger classes, and the nearest neighbor classifier is no exception. To take care of this problem, we develop…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-02 Anvit Garg , Anil K. Ghosh , Soham Sarkar

Real-world object classes appear in imbalanced ratios. This poses a significant challenge for classifiers which get biased towards frequent classes. We hypothesize that improving the generalization capability of a classifier should improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Munawar Hayat , Salman Khan , Waqas Zamir , Jianbing Shen , Ling Shao

Imbalanced classification problems are extremely common in natural language processing and are solved using a variety of resampling and filtering techniques, which often involve making decisions on how to select training data or decide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Ryan Muther , David Smith

In predictive tasks, real-world datasets often present different degrees of imbalanced (i.e., long-tailed or skewed) distributions. While the majority (the head) classes have sufficient samples, the minority (the tail) classes can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Chongsheng Zhang , Paolo Soda , Jingjun Bi , Gaojuan Fan , George Almpanidis , Salvador Garcia

With the rapid growth of memory and computing power, datasets are becoming increasingly complex and imbalanced. This is especially severe in the context of clinical data, where there may be one rare event for many cases in the majority…

Class imbalance in binary classification tasks remains a significant challenge in machine learning, often resulting in poor performance on minority classes. This study comprehensively evaluates three widely-used strategies for handling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mohamed Abdelhamid , Abhyuday Desai

We study predictive probability inference in classification tasks using random forests under class imbalance. We focus on two simplified variants of Breiman's algorithm, namely subsampling Infinite Random Forests (IRFs) and under-sampling…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-23 Moria Mayala , Olivier Wintenberger , Charles Tillier , Clément Dombry