Related papers: On Chaitin's Heuristic Principle and Halting Proba…
Previously, Bennet and Feynman asked if Heisenberg's uncertainty principle puts a limitation on a quantum computer (Quantum Mechanical Computers, Richard P. Feynman, Foundations of Physics, Vol. 16, No. 6, p597-531, 1986). Feynman's answer…
We prove that there are infinitely many $n$ such that $\omega(n+k) \ll \log k$ for all integers $k \ge 2$. This improves on a result of Tao-Ter\"{a}v\"{a}inen (2025), who has $O(k)$ in place of $O(\log k)$. As corollaries, we make progress…
Consider a coin tossing experiment which consists of tossing one of two coins at a time, according to a renewal process. The first coin is fair and the second has probability $1/2 + \theta$, $\theta \in [-1/2,1/2]$, $\theta$ unknown but…
Reasoning under uncertainty is a fundamental challenge in Artificial Intelligence. As with most of these challenges, there is a harsh dilemma between the expressive power of the language used, and the tractability of the computational…
In probabilistic program analysis, quantitative analysis aims at deriving tight numerical bounds for probabilistic properties such as expectation and assertion probability. Most previous works consider numerical bounds over the whole…
Recently, the problem of obtaining a short regular expression equivalent to a given finite automaton has been intensively investigated. Algorithms for converting finite automata to regular expressions have an exponential blow-up in the…
Zaremba's Conjecture concerns the formation of continued fractions with partial quotients restricted to a given alphabet. In order to answer the numerous questions that arrive from this conjecture, it is best to consider a semi-group, often…
Frequentist (classical) and the Bayesian approaches to the construction of confidence limits are compared. Various examples which illustrate specific problems are presented. The Likelihood Principle and the Stopping Rule Paradox are…
Classical countably additive real-valued probabilities come at a philosophical cost: in many infinite situations, they assign the same probability value -- namely, zero -- to cases that are impossible as well as to cases that are possible.…
Probability measures by themselves, are known to be inappropriate for modeling the dynamics of plain belief and their excessively strong measurability constraints make them unsuitable for some representational tasks, e.g. in the context of…
Preferences among acts are analyzed in the style of L. Savage, but as partially ordered. The rationality postulates considered are weaker than Savage's on three counts. The Sure Thing Principle is derived in this setting. The postulates are…
We study algorithms using randomized value functions for exploration in reinforcement learning. This type of algorithms enjoys appealing empirical performance. We show that when we use 1) a single random seed in each episode, and 2) a…
A 1976 theorem of Chaitin can be used to show that arbitrarily dense sets of lengths n have a paucity of trivial strings (only a bounded number of strings of length n having trivially low plain Kolmogorov complexities). We use the…
In this paper we consider a fragment of the first-order theory of the real numbers that includes systems of equations of continuous functions in bounded domains, and for which all functions are computable in the sense that it is possible to…
The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of effect size commonly used in observational research. OR reflects statistical association between a binary outcome, such as the presence of a health condition, and a binary predictor, such as an exposure…
For the iterations of $x\mapsto |x-\theta|$ random functions with Lipschitz number one, we represent the dynamics as a Markov chain and prove its convergence under mild conditions. We also demonstrate that the Wasserstein metric of any two…
In this paper, we study Cyclic Henkin Logic CHL, a logic that can be described as provability logic without the third L\"ob condition, to wit, that provable implies provably provable (aka principle 4). The logic CHL does have full modalised…
We propose a measure based upon the fundamental theoretical concept in algorithmic information theory that provides a natural approach to the problem of evaluating $n$-dimensional complexity by using an $n$-dimensional deterministic Turing…
A conjecture of Hopkins (2018) posits that for certain high-dimensional hypothesis testing problems, no polynomial-time algorithm can outperform so-called "simple statistics", which are low-degree polynomials in the data. This conjecture…
We report an inconsistency found in probability theory (also referred to as measure-theoretic probability). For probability measures induced by real-valued random variables, we deduce an "equality" such that one side of the "equality" is a…