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Split learning (SL) enables collaborative training by partitioning a neural network across clients and a central server, but the cut-layer interface introduces a key challenge: high-dimensional activations incur substantial communication…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Mert Cihangiroglu , Alessandro Pegoraro , Phillip Rieger , Antonino Nocera , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Split learning (SL) enables data privacy preservation by allowing clients to collaboratively train a deep learning model with the server without sharing raw data. However, SL still has limitations such as potential data privacy leakage and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Ngoc Duy Pham , Alsharif Abuadbba , Yansong Gao , Tran Khoa Phan , Naveen Chilamkurti

Synthetic data from generative models emerges as the privacy-preserving data sharing solution. Such a synthetic data set shall resemble the original data without revealing identifiable private information. Till date, the prior focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Chaoyi Zhu , Jiayi Tang , Juan F. Pérez , Marten van Dijk , Lydia Y. Chen

In the ever-changing world of technology, continuous authentication and comprehensive access management are essential during user interactions with a device. Split Learning (SL) and Federated Learning (FL) have recently emerged as promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Mohamad Wazzeh , Mohamad Arafeh , Hani Sami , Hakima Ould-Slimane , Chamseddine Talhi , Azzam Mourad , Hadi Otrok

MLaaS (Machine Learning as a Service) has become popular in the cloud computing domain, allowing users to leverage cloud resources for running private inference of ML models on their data. However, ensuring user input privacy and secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Kishore Rajasekar , Randolph Loh , Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing

With the rise of large language models, service providers offer language models as a service, enabling users to fine-tune customized models via uploaded private datasets. However, this raises concerns about sensitive data leakage. Prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yi Liu , Weixiang Han , Chengjun Cai , Xingliang Yuan , Cong Wang

End users face a choice between privacy and efficiency in current Large Language Model (LLM) service paradigms. In cloud-based paradigms, users are forced to compromise data locality for generation quality and processing speed. Conversely,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Yiming Wang , Yu Lin , Xiaodong Zeng , Guannan Zhang

Training deep neural networks often requires large-scale datasets, necessitating storage and processing on cloud servers due to computational constraints. The procedures must follow strict privacy regulations in domains like healthcare.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Halil Ibrahim Kanpak , Aqsa Shabbir , Esra Genç , Alptekin Küpçü , Sinem Sav

Split Learning (SL) offers a framework for collaborative model training that respects data privacy by allowing participants to share the same dataset while maintaining distinct feature sets. However, SL is susceptible to backdoor attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zhihao Dou , Dongfei Cui , Weida Wang , Anjun Gao , Yueyang Quan , Mengyao Ma , Viet Vo , Guangdong Bai , Zhuqing Liu , Minghong Fang

Deep learning as a service (DLaaS) has been intensively studied to facilitate the wider deployment of the emerging deep learning applications. However, DLaaS may compromise the privacy of both clients and cloud servers. Although some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Shangyu Xie , Bingyu Liu , Yuan Hong

The increasing deployment of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices has accelerated the use of distributed learning frameworks, where data remains local while model updates are shared across decentralized systems. Although this reduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 John Cartmell , Alexander Williams

We introduce Split Unlearning, a novel machine unlearning technology designed for Split Learning (SL), enabling the first-ever implementation of Sharded, Isolated, Sliced, and Aggregated (SISA) unlearning in SL frameworks. Particularly, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guangsheng Yu , Yanna Jiang , Qin Wang , Xu Wang , Baihe Ma , Caijun Sun , Wei Ni , Ren Ping Liu

Federated fine-tuning of on-device large language models (LLMs) mitigates privacy concerns by preventing raw data sharing. However, the intensive computational and memory demands pose significant challenges for resource-constrained edge…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Tao Li , Yulin Tang , Yiyang Song , Cong Wu , Xihui Liu , Pan Li , Xianhao Chen

The generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) use billions of parameters to extensively analyse large datasets and extract critical private information such as, context, specific details,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Imdad Ullah , Najm Hassan , Sukhpal Singh Gill , Basem Suleiman , Tariq Ahamed Ahanger , Zawar Shah , Junaid Qadir , Salil S. Kanhere

Split learning is a distributed training framework that allows multiple parties to jointly train a machine learning model over vertically partitioned data (partitioned by attributes). The idea is that only intermediate computation results,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Xin Yang , Jiankai Sun , Yuanshun Yao , Junyuan Xie , Chong Wang

Edge computing and distributed machine learning have advanced to a level that can revolutionize a particular organization. Distributed devices such as the Internet of Things (IoT) often produce a large amount of data, eventually resulting…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-03-01 M. A. P. Chamikara , P. Bertok , I. Khalil , D. Liu , S. Camtepe

Data Distribution Service (DDS) is an innovative approach towards communication in ICS/IoT infrastructure and robotics. Being based on the cross-platform and cross-language API to be applicable in any computerised device, it offers the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Stanislav Abaimov

Split computing ($\neq$ split learning) is a promising approach to deep learning models for resource-constrained edge computing systems, where weak sensor (mobile) devices are wirelessly connected to stronger edge servers through channels…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yoshitomo Matsubara , Matteo Mendula , Marco Levorato

Several researchers have proposed solutions for secure data outsourcing on the public clouds based on encryption, secret-sharing, and trusted hardware. Existing approaches, however, exhibit many limitations including high computational…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Sharad Mehrotra , Kerim Yasin Oktay , Shantanu Sharma

Internet of Things (IoT) devices and applications are being deployed in our homes and workplaces. These devices often rely on continuous data collection to feed machine learning models. However, this approach introduces several privacy and…

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