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Retrieving answers in a quick and low cost manner without hallucinations from a combination of structured and unstructured data using Language models is a major hurdle. This is what prevents employment of Language models in knowledge…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Anupam Purwar , Rahul Sundar

Reranking is a critical stage in contemporary information retrieval (IR) systems, improving the relevance of the user-presented final results by honing initial candidate sets. This paper is a thorough guide to examine the changing reranker…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Tejul Pandit , Sakshi Mahendru , Meet Raval , Dhvani Upadhyay

Large Language Models (LLMs) may one day replace search engines as the primary portal to information on the Web. In this article, we investigate the societal challenges that such a change could bring. We focus on the roles of LLM Providers,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Zacchary Sadeddine , Winston Maxwell , Gaël Varoquaux , Fabian M. Suchanek

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document re-ranking, a key component in modern Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, existing LLM-based approaches face notable limitations, including ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Pinhuan Wang , Zhiqiu Xia , Chunhua Liao , Feiyi Wang , Hang Liu

With extensive pre-trained knowledge and high-level general capabilities, large language models (LLMs) emerge as a promising avenue to augment reinforcement learning (RL) in aspects such as multi-task learning, sample efficiency, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Yuji Cao , Huan Zhao , Yuheng Cheng , Ting Shu , Yue Chen , Guolong Liu , Gaoqi Liang , Junhua Zhao , Jinyue Yan , Yun Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in complex reasoning tasks, particularly when augmented with search mechanisms that enable systematic exploration of external knowledge bases. The field has evolved from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yanming Liu , Xinyue Peng , Zixuan Yan , Yanxin Shen , Wenjie Xu , Yuefeng Huang , Xinyi Wang , Jiannan Cao , Jianwei Yin , Xuhong Zhang

Classical search engines using indexing methods in data infrastructures primarily allow keyword-based queries to retrieve content. While these indexing-based methods are highly scalable and efficient, due to a lack of an appropriate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nafis Tanveer Islam , Zhiming Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered considerable interest due to their impressive natural language capabilities, which in conjunction with various emergent properties make them versatile tools in workflows ranging from complex code…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-10-22 Ge Lei , Ronan Docherty , Samuel J. Cooper

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized machine learning and related fields, showcasing remarkable abilities in comprehending, generating, and manipulating human language. However, their conventional usage through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Andrea Bacciu , Florin Cuconasu , Federico Siciliano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Nicola Tonellotto , Giovanni Trappolini

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly expanded their application across diverse domains, transforming how complex problems are approached and solved. Initially conceived to predict subsequent words in texts, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

Codebooks are central to framing research, providing theoretically grounded criteria for analyzing news content. While traditionally codebooks are built from theoretical frameworks and researchers' knowledge, applying these codebooks to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Diego Gomez-Zara , Hernán Valdivieso , Jorge Pérez , Denis Parra , Sebastián Valenzuela

Conversational search enables multi-turn interactions between users and systems to fulfill users' complex information needs. During this interaction, the system should understand the users' search intent within the conversational context…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Fengran Mo , Chuan Meng , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Jian-Yun Nie

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant potential in assisting peer review, current methods often struggle to generate thorough and insightful reviews while maintaining efficiency. In this paper, we propose TreeReview, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yuan Chang , Ziyue Li , Hengyuan Zhang , Yuanbo Kong , Yanru Wu , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Zhijiang Guo , Liya Zhu , Ngai Wong

Information retrieval is a cornerstone of modern knowledge acquisition, enabling billions of queries each day across diverse domains. However, traditional keyword-based search engines are increasingly inadequate for handling complex,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now widely used for query reformulation and expansion in Information Retrieval, with many studies reporting substantial effectiveness gains. However, these results are typically obtained under heterogeneous…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Amin Bigdeli , Radin Hamidi Rad , Hai Son Le , Mert Incesu , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke , Ebrahim Bagheri

Large Language Model (LLM)-based search agents have shown remarkable capabilities in solving complex tasks by dynamically decomposing problems and addressing them through interleaved reasoning and retrieval. However, this interleaved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tiannuo Yang , Zebin Yao , Bowen Jin , Lixiao Cui , Yusen Li , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in creative tasks such as storytelling and E-mail generation. However, as LLMs are primarily trained on final text results rather than intermediate revisions, it might…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Lei Shu , Liangchen Luo , Jayakumar Hoskere , Yun Zhu , Yinxiao Liu , Simon Tong , Jindong Chen , Lei Meng

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) heralds a pivotal shift in online user interactions with information. Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems primarily relied on query-document matching, whereas LLMs excel in comprehending…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Samira Ghodratnama , Mehrdad Zakershahrak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and have recently gained significant attention in the domain of Recommendation Systems (RS). These models, trained on massive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Likang Wu , Zhi Zheng , Zhaopeng Qiu , Hao Wang , Hongchao Gu , Tingjia Shen , Chuan Qin , Chen Zhu , Hengshu Zhu , Qi Liu , Hui Xiong , Enhong Chen

Large language models (LLMs), with advanced linguistic capabilities, have been employed in reranking tasks through a sequence-to-sequence approach. In this paradigm, multiple passages are reranked in a listwise manner and a textual reranked…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Ruiyang Ren , Yuhao Wang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Wenjie Wang , Jing Liu , Ji-Rong Wen , Tat-Seng Chua
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