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Instruction Fine-tuning~(IFT) is a critical phase in building large language models~(LLMs). Previous works mainly focus on the IFT's role in the transfer of behavioral norms and the learning of additional world knowledge. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mengjie Ren , Boxi Cao , Hongyu Lin , Cao Liu , Xianpei Han , Ke Zeng , Guanglu Wan , Xunliang Cai , Le Sun

In-context learning (ICL) is a new paradigm for natural language processing that utilizes Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-like models. This approach uses prompts that include in-context demonstrations to generate the corresponding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Momin Abbas , Yi Zhou , Parikshit Ram , Nathalie Baracaldo , Horst Samulowitz , Theodoros Salonidis , Tianyi Chen

Continual Learning (CL) focuses on learning from dynamic and changing data distributions while retaining previously acquired knowledge. Various methods have been developed to address the challenge of catastrophic forgetting, including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhenyi Wang , Yan Li , Li Shen , Heng Huang

As the applications of large language models (LLMs) expand across diverse fields, the ability of these models to adapt to ongoing changes in data, tasks, and user preferences becomes crucial. Traditional training methods, relying on static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Junhao Zheng , Shengjie Qiu , Chengming Shi , Qianli Ma

Automated knowledge curation for biomedical ontologies is key to ensure that they remain comprehensive, high-quality and up-to-date. In the era of foundational language models, this study compares and analyzes three NLP paradigms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Emily Groves , Minhong Wang , Yusuf Abdulle , Holger Kunz , Jason Hoelscher-Obermaier , Ronin Wu , Honghan Wu

Language models (LMs) exhibit impressive performance and generalization capabilities. However, LMs struggle with the persistent challenge of catastrophic forgetting, which undermines their long-term sustainability in continual learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Wenyu Du , Shuang Cheng , Tongxu Luo , Zihan Qiu , Zeyu Huang , Ka Chun Cheung , Reynold Cheng , Jie Fu

The continual learning setting aims to learn new tasks over time without forgetting the previous ones. The literature reports several significant efforts to tackle this problem with limited or no access to previous task data. Among such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Vishal Thengane , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Fahad Khan

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) enables learning systems to continuously adapt to evolving data streams. With the advancement of pre-training, leveraging pre-trained vision-language models (e.g., CLIP) offers a promising starting point for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Da-Wei Zhou , Kai-Wen Li , Jingyi Ning , Han-Jia Ye , Lijun Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan

Continual learning is a process that involves training learning agents to sequentially master a stream of tasks or classes without revisiting past data. The challenge lies in leveraging previously acquired knowledge to learn new tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Marcus de Carvalho , Mahardhika Pratama , Jie Zhang , Chua Haoyan , Edward Yapp

In-context learning (ICL) can significantly enhance the complex reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), with the key lying in the selection and ordering of demonstration examples. Previous methods typically relied on simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Xuetao Ma , Wenbin Jiang , Hua Huang

Continual Learning (CL) seeks to enable neural networks to incrementally acquire new knowledge (plasticity) while retaining existing knowledge (stability). Although pre-trained models (PTMs) have provided a strong foundation for CL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Aojun Lu , Tao Feng , Hangjie Yuan , Chunhui Ding , Yanan Sun

Continual learning (CL) aims to train models sequentially over multiple domains without forgetting previously learned knowledge. However, existing CL methods optimize for in-domain performance and are therefore prone to learning spurious,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Pascal Janetzky , Tobias Schlagenhauf , Stefan Feuerriegel

In-context learning (ICL) allows LLMs to learn from examples without changing their weights: this is a particularly promising capability for long-context LLMs that can potentially learn from many examples. Recently, Lin et al. (2024)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Hao Zhao , Maksym Andriushchenko , Francesco Croce , Nicolas Flammarion

Continual Visual Instruction Tuning (CVIT) enables Multimodal Large Language Models to incrementally acquire new abilities. However, existing CVIT methods operate under a restrictive task-incremental setting, where each training phase…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chang Che , Ziqi Wang , Hui Ma , Cheems Wang , Zenglin Shi

Continual learning refers to the capability of a machine learning model to learn and adapt to new information, without compromising its performance on previously learned tasks. Although several studies have investigated continual learning…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jingrui Hou , Georgina Cosma , Axel Finke

In Continual Learning (CL), a neural network is trained on a stream of data whose distribution changes over time. In this context, the main problem is how to learn new information without forgetting old knowledge (i.e., Catastrophic…

With the increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), in-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a new paradigm for natural language processing (NLP), where LLMs make predictions based on contexts augmented with a few examples. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Qingxiu Dong , Lei Li , Damai Dai , Ce Zheng , Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Heming Xia , Jingjing Xu , Zhiyong Wu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Xu Sun , Lei Li , Zhifang Sui

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to enable AI models to continuously learn from sequentially arriving data of different classes over time while retaining previously acquired knowledge. Recently, Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Huaijie Wang , De Cheng , Lingfeng He , Yan Li , Jie Li , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao

The continual learning (CL) ability is vital for deploying large language models (LLMs) in the dynamic world. Existing methods devise the learning module to acquire task-specific knowledge with parameter-efficient tuning (PET) block and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Weixiang Zhao , Shilong Wang , Yulin Hu , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Xuanyu Zhang , Qing Yang , Dongliang Xu , Wanxiang Che

While Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire vast knowledge during pre-training, they often lack domain-specific, new, or niche information. Continual pre-training (CPT) attempts to address this gap but suffers from catastrophic forgetting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Oded Ovadia , Meni Brief , Rachel Lemberg , Eitam Sheetrit