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Reinforcement learning-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods enhance the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, most rely only on final-answer rewards, overlooking intermediate reasoning quality. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jie He , Victor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

In the contemporary context of rapid advancements in information technology and the exponential growth of data volume, language models are confronted with significant challenges in effectively navigating the dynamic and ever-evolving…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yuxin Fan , Yuxiang Wang , Lipeng Liu , Xirui Tang , Na Sun , Zidong Yu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has recently emerged as a method to extend beyond the pre-trained knowledge of Large Language Models by augmenting the original prompt with relevant passages or documents retrieved by an Information…

Question answering (QA) over tables and text has gained much popularity over the years. Multi-hop table-text QA requires multiple hops between the table and text, making it a challenging QA task. Although several works have attempted to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Jayetri Bardhan , Bushi Xiao , Daisy Zhe Wang

This work is on training a generative action/video recognition model whose output is a free-form action-specific caption describing the video (rather than an action class label). A generative approach has practical advantages like producing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Adrian Bulat , Enrique Sanchez , Brais Martinez , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Current state-of-the-art large language models are effective in generating high-quality text and encapsulating a broad spectrum of world knowledge. These models, however, often hallucinate and lack locally relevant factual data.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Anton Shapkin , Denis Litvinov , Yaroslav Zharov , Egor Bogomolov , Timur Galimzyanov , Timofey Bryksin

Paraphrase generation is a fundamental and long-standing task in natural language processing. In this paper, we concentrate on two contributions to the task: (1) we propose Retrieval Augmented Prompt Tuning (RAPT) as a parameter-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Jishnu Ray Chowdhury , Yong Zhuang , Shuyi Wang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved complex reasoning capabilities. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has further extended these capabilities by grounding generation in dynamically retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jash Rajesh Parekh , Pengcheng Jiang , Jiawei Han

Stylistic response generation is crucial for building an engaging dialogue system for industrial use. While it has attracted much research interest, existing methods often generate stylistic responses at the cost of the content quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Yixuan Su , Deng Cai , Yan Wang , Simon Baker , Anna Korhonen , Nigel Collier , Xiaojiang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial capabilities yet encounter challenges, including hallucination, outdated knowledge, and untraceable reasoning processes. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Feiteng Fang , Yuelin Bai , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Ruifeng Xu

Image Retrieval aims to retrieve corresponding images based on a given query. In application scenarios, users intend to express their retrieval intent through various query styles. However, current retrieval tasks predominantly focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Hao Li , Curise Jia , Peng Jin , Zesen Cheng , Kehan Li , Jialu Sui , Chang Liu , Li Yuan

We propose Generation-Augmented Retrieval (GAR) for answering open-domain questions, which augments a query through text generation of heuristically discovered relevant contexts without external resources as supervision. We demonstrate that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Yuning Mao , Pengcheng He , Xiaodong Liu , Yelong Shen , Jianfeng Gao , Jiawei Han , Weizhu Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation has gained significant attention due to its ability to integrate relevant external knowledge, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of the LLMs' responses. Most of the existing methods apply a dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Liang Xiao , Wen Dai , Shuai Chen , Bin Qin , Chongyang Shi , Haopeng Jing , Tianyu Guo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become a foundational paradigm for equipping large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, playing a critical role in information retrieval and knowledge-intensive applications. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Weihang Su , Qingyao Ai , Jingtao Zhan , Qian Dong , Yiqun Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a powerful paradigm for enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning tasks. Recent advances indicate that integrating RL with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) allows LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Wentao Jiang , Xiang Feng , Zengmao Wang , Yong Luo , Pingbo Xu , Zhe Chen , Bo Du , Jing Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation framework can address the limitations of large language models by enabling real-time knowledge updates for more accurate answers. An efficient way in the training phase of retrieval-augmented models is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Zizhong Li , Haopeng Zhang , Jiawei Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds large language models with external evidence, but many implementations rely on pre-built indices that remain static after construction. Related queries therefore repeat similar multi-hop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yifan Wang , Mingxuan Jiang , Zhihao Sun , Yixin Cao , Yicun Liu , Keyang Chen , Guangnan Ye , Hongfeng Chai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been shown to enhance the factual accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs), but existing methods often suffer from limited reasoning capabilities in effectively using the retrieved evidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Shayekh Bin Islam , Md Asib Rahman , K S M Tozammel Hossain , Enamul Hoque , Shafiq Joty , Md Rizwan Parvez

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has gained popularity as a method for conveniently incorporating novel facts that were not seen during the pre-training stage in Large Language Model (LLM)-based Natural Language Generation (NLG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Tianhui Zhang , Yi Zhou , Danushka Bollegala

The integration of external knowledge through Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has become foundational in enhancing large language models (LLMs) for knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing RAG paradigms often overlook the cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Zhihu Wang , Ming Fan , Xicheng Zhang , Yubo Zhang , Zhengfan Wang , Heyuan Huang , Ting Liu