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With an increasing number of parameters and pre-training data, generative large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities to solve tasks with minimal or no task-related examples. Notably, LLMs have been successfully employed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Christoph Leiter , Juri Opitz , Daniel Deutsch , Yang Gao , Rotem Dror , Steffen Eger

We provide a systematic understanding of the impact of specific components and wordings used in prompts on the effectiveness of rankers based on zero-shot Large Language Models (LLMs). Several zero-shot ranking methods based on LLMs have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Shuoqi Sun , Shengyao Zhuang , Shuai Wang , Guido Zuccon

In this work, we present a systematic and comprehensive empirical evaluation of state-of-the-art reranking methods, encompassing large language model (LLM)-based, lightweight contextual, and zero-shot approaches, with respect to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Bhawna Piryani , Jamshid Mozafari , Mohammed Ali , Adam Jatowt

Stance classification, the task of predicting the viewpoint of an author on a subject of interest, has long been a focal point of research in domains ranging from social science to machine learning. Current stance detection methods rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Iain J. Cruickshank , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng

Large Language Models (LLMs) can exhibit considerable variation in the quality of their sampled outputs. Reranking and selecting the best generation from the sampled set is a popular way of obtaining strong gains in generation quality. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Siddhartha Jain , Xiaofei Ma , Anoop Deoras , Bing Xiang

Multimodal Video Search by Examples (MVSE) investigates using video clips as the query term for information retrieval, rather than the more traditional text query. This enables far richer search modalities such as images, speaker, content,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Mengjie Qian , Rao Ma , Adian Liusie , Erfan Loweimi , Kate M. Knill , Mark J. F. Gales

A supervised ranking model, despite its advantage of being effective, usually involves complex processing - typically multiple stages of task-specific pre-training and fine-tuning. This has motivated researchers to explore simpler pipelines…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Nilanjan Sinhababu , Andrew Parry , Debasis Ganguly , Debasis Samanta , Pabitra Mitra

One of the ways Large Language Models (LLMs) are used to perform machine learning tasks is to provide them with a few examples before asking them to produce a prediction. This is a meta-learning process known as few-shot learning. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Vali Tawosi , Salwa Alamir , Xiaomo Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides at code generation through improved model design, training, and chain-of-thought. However, prompt-level optimizations remain an important yet under-explored aspect of LLMs for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Derek Xu , Tong Xie , Botao Xia , Haoyu Li , Yunsheng Bai , Yizhou Sun , Wei Wang

We conceptualize the process of understanding as information compression, and propose a method for ranking large language models (LLMs) based on lossless data compression. We demonstrate the equivalence of compression length under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Peijia Guo , Ziguang Li , Haibo Hu , Chao Huang , Ming Li , Rui Zhang

Owing to the capability of in-context learning, large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance across diverse mathematical reasoning benchmarks. However, we find that few-shot demonstrations can sometimes bring negative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jiayu Liu , Zhenya Huang , Chaokun Wang , Xunpeng Huang , Chengxiang Zhai , Enhong Chen

Classifying scanned documents is a challenging problem that involves image, layout, and text analysis for document understanding. Nevertheless, for certain benchmark datasets, notably RVL-CDIP, the state of the art is closing in to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Anna Scius-Bertrand , Michael Jungo , Lars Vögtlin , Jean-Marc Spat , Andreas Fischer

In-context learning (ICL), teaching a large language model (LLM) to perform a task with few-shot demonstrations rather than adjusting the model parameters, has emerged as a strong paradigm for using LLMs. While early studies primarily used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Man Luo , Xin Xu , Zhuyun Dai , Panupong Pasupat , Mehran Kazemi , Chitta Baral , Vaiva Imbrasaite , Vincent Y Zhao

This paper describes the IUST NLP Lab submission to the Prompting Large Language Models as Explainable Metrics Shared Task at the Eval4NLP 2023 Workshop on Evaluation & Comparison of NLP Systems. We have proposed a zero-shot prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ghazaleh Mahmoudi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been integrated into recommender systems to enhance user behavior comprehension. The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technique is further incorporated into these systems to retrieve more relevant items…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Sichun Luo , Jian Xu , Xiaojie Zhang , Linrong Wang , Sicong Liu , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

Current developments in large language models (LLMs) have enabled impressive zero-shot capabilities across various natural language tasks. An interesting application of these systems is in the automated assessment of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Adian Liusie , Potsawee Manakul , Mark J. F. Gales

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as scalable tools to address the gap between the importance of individualized written feedback and the practical challenges of providing it at scale. However, concerns persist regarding the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-11-12 Niklas Ippisch , Markus Herklotz , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Carsten Schwemmer

Zero-shot text rankers powered by recent LLMs achieve remarkable ranking performance by simply prompting. Existing prompts for pointwise LLM rankers mostly ask the model to choose from binary relevance labels like "Yes" and "No". However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Kai Hui , Junru Wu , Le Yan , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have shown remarkable few-shot learning capabilities when provided with properly formatted examples. However, selecting the "best" examples remains an open challenge. We propose a complexity-based prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Rishabh Adiga , Lakshminarayanan Subramanian , Varun Chandrasekaran

Large language models (LLMs) obtain state of the art zero shot relevance ranking performance on a variety of information retrieval tasks. The two most common prompts to elicit LLM relevance judgments are pointwise scoring (a.k.a. relevance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Charles Godfrey , Ping Nie , Natalia Ostapuk , David Ken , Shang Gao , Souheil Inati