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Open-domain Question Answering (QA) has garnered substantial interest by combining the advantages of faithfully retrieved passages and relevant passages generated through Large Language Models (LLMs). However, there is a lack of definitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Xinkai Du , Quanjie Han , Chao Lv , Yan Liu , Yalin Sun , Hao Shu , Hongbo Shan , Maosong Sun

Recent works in open-domain question answering (QA) have explored generating context passages from large language models (LLMs), replacing the traditional retrieval step in the QA pipeline. However, it is not well understood why generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Yejoon Lee , Philhoon Oh , James Thorne

Closed-book question answering (QA) requires a model to directly answer an open-domain question without access to any external knowledge. Prior work on closed-book QA either directly finetunes or prompts a pretrained language model (LM) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Dan Su , Mostofa Patwary , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Peng Xu , Ryan Prenger , Mohammad Shoeybi , Pascale Fung , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro

Question answering models can use rich knowledge sources -- up to one hundred retrieved passages and parametric knowledge in the large-scale language model (LM). Prior work assumes information in such knowledge sources is consistent with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Hung-Ting Chen , Michael J. Q. Zhang , Eunsol Choi

Open-domain question answering (QA) aims to find the answer to a question from a large collection of documents.Though many models for single-document machine comprehension have achieved strong performance, there is still much room for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Mantong Zhou , Zhouxing Shi , Minlie Huang , Xiaoyan Zhu

Open Domain Question Answering requires systems to retrieve external knowledge and perform multi-hop reasoning by composing knowledge spread over multiple sentences. In the recently introduced open domain question answering challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Pratyay Banerjee , Chitta Baral

Open-domain question answering (QA) tasks usually require the retrieval of relevant information from a large corpus to generate accurate answers. We propose a novel approach called Generator-Retriever-Generator (GRG) that combines document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Adam Jatowt

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into recommendation systems has revealed promising potential through their capacity to extract world knowledge for enhanced reasoning capabilities. However, current methodologies that adopt…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Lingyu Mu , Hao Deng , Haibo Xing , Kaican Lin , Zhitong Zhu , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Zhengxiao Liu , Zheng Lin , Jinxin Hu

Retrieval augmented language models have recently become the standard for knowledge intensive tasks. Rather than relying purely on latent semantics within the parameters of large neural models, these methods enlist a semi-parametric memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Wenhu Chen , Pat Verga , Michiel de Jong , John Wieting , William Cohen

The integration of retrieved passages and large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPTs, has significantly contributed to improving open-domain question answering. However, there is still a lack of exploration regarding the optimal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ye Liu , Semih Yavuz , Rui Meng , Meghana Moorthy , Shafiq Joty , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou

Open-domain question answering (OpenQA) represents a cornerstone in natural language processing (NLP), primarily focused on extracting answers from unstructured textual data. With the rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Tingjia Shen , Hao Wang , Chuan Qin , Ruijun Sun , Yang Song , Defu Lian , Hengshu Zhu , Enhong Chen

Open-domain complex Question Answering (QA) is a difficult task with challenges in evidence retrieval and reasoning. The complexity of such questions could stem from questions being compositional, hybrid evidence, or ambiguity in questions.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Venktesh V. Deepali Prabhu , Avishek Anand

Retrieval based open-domain QA systems use retrieved documents and answer-span selection over retrieved documents to find best-answer candidates. We hypothesize that multilingual Question Answering (QA) systems are prone to information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Shramay Palta , Haozhe An , Yifan Yang , Shuaiyi Huang , Maharshi Gor

Domain-specific question answering (QA) systems for services face unique challenges in integrating heterogeneous knowledge sources while ensuring both accuracy and safety. Existing large language models often struggle with factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Lei Fu , Xiang Chen , Kaige Gao Xinyue Huang , Kejian Tong

This paper studies the problem of open-domain question answering, with the aim of answering a diverse range of questions leveraging knowledge resources. Two types of sources, QA-pair and document corpora, have been actively leveraged with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Kyungjae Lee , Sang-eun Han , Seung-won Hwang , Moontae Lee

While auxiliary information has become a key to enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), relatively little is known about how LLMs merge these contexts, specifically contexts generated by LLMs and those retrieved from external sources. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Hexiang Tan , Fei Sun , Wanli Yang , Yuanzhuo Wang , Qi Cao , Xueqi Cheng

We introduce an approach for open-domain question answering (QA) that retrieves and reads a passage graph, where vertices are passages of text and edges represent relationships that are derived from an external knowledge base or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Sewon Min , Danqi Chen , Luke Zettlemoyer , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive generation capabilities, but they suffer from hallucinations when solely relying on their internal knowledge, especially when answering questions that require less commonly known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Open-ended question answering requires models to find appropriate evidence to form wellreasoned, comprehensive and helpful answers. In practical applications, models also need to engage in extended discussions on potential scenarios closely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Mingxu Tao , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

Retrieval-augmented question answering (QA) integrates external information and thereby increases the QA accuracy of reader models that lack domain knowledge. However, documents retrieved for closed domains require high expertise, so the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Jeonghun Cho , Gary Geunbae Lee
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