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Phase separation drives the formation of biomolecular condensates in cells, which comprise many components and sometimes possess multiple phases. The equilibrium physics of phase separation is well understood, but many components in…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-14 Yicheng Qiang , Chengjie Luo , David Zwicker

Active matter, encompassing natural systems, converts surrounding energy to sustain autonomous motion, exhibiting unique non-equilibrium behaviors such as active turbulence and phase separation. In this study, we develop a continuum…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-06 Sohail Ahmed , Zixiang Lin , Zijie Qu

Chemically active droplets provide simple models for cell-like systems that can grow and divide. Such active droplet systems are driven away from thermodynamic equilibrium and turn over chemically, which corresponds to a simple metabolism.…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-09-28 Jonathan Bauermann , Christoph A. Weber , Frank Jülicher

Biomolecular condensates in cells are often rich in catalytically-active enzymes. This is particularly true in the case of the large enzymatic complexes known as metabolons, which contain different enzymes that participate in the same…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-20 Vincent Ouazan-Reboul , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo , Ramin Golestanian

The transport of active particles may occur in complex environments, in which it emerges from the interplay between the mobility of the active components and the quenched disorder of the environment. Here we explore structural and dynamical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-03-31 Fergus J. Moore , John Russo Tanniemola B. Liverpool , C. Patrick Royall

Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS), the phenomenon in which purely repulsive active particles undergo a liquid-gas phase separation, is among the simplest and most widely studied examples of a nonequilibrium phase transition. Here, we…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-05-11 Ahmad K. Omar , Katherine Klymko , Trevor GrandPre , Phillip L. Geissler

Active nematics are out-of-equilibrium systems in which energy injection at the microscale drives emergent collective behaviors, from spontaneous flows to active turbulence. While the dynamics of these systems have been extensively studied,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-04-15 Ahmet Umut Akduman , Yusuf Sariyar , Giuseppe Negro , Livio Nicola Carenza

Binary fluid mixtures are examples of complex fluids whose microstructure and flow are strongly coupled. For pairs of simple fluids, the microstructure consists of droplets or bicontinuous demixed domains and the physics is controlled by…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-06-05 Michael E. Cates , Elsen Tjhung

Dry active matter systems are well-known to exhibit Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS). However, in wet active systems, attractive hydrodynamic interactions mediated by active particles stalled at a boundary can introduce…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-01 Kingshuk Panja , Rajesh Singh

Differences in activities in colloidal particles are sufficient to drive phase separation between active and passive (or less active) particles, even if they have only excluded volume interactions. In this paper, we study the phase…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-05-27 Efe Ilker , Jean-François Joanny

Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is a well-studied nonequilibrium collective phenomenon observed in active particles. Recently, there has been growing interest in how coupling the self-propulsion of active particles to chemical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-07-14 Euijoon Kwon , Yongjae Oh , Yongjoo Baek

Dense active systems are widespread in nature, examples range from bacterial colonies to biological tissues. Dense clusters of active particles can be obtained by increasing the packing fraction of the system or taking advantage of a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-04-13 Matteo Paoluzzi , Demian Levis , Ignacio Pagonabarraga

We investigate the transport of interacting active run-and-tumble particles moving under an external drift force through a periodic array of obstacles for increasing drive amplitudes. For high activity where the system forms a motility…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-23 C. Reichhardt , C. J. O. Reichhardt

Active Brownian particles (ABPs), when subject to purely repulsive interactions, are known to undergo activity-induced phase separation broadly resembling an equilibrium (attraction-induced) gas-liquid coexistence. Here we present an…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-10-04 Joakim Stenhammar , Adriano Tiribocchi , Rosalind J. Allen , Davide Marenduzzo , Michael E. Cates

Active matter comprised of many self-driven units can exhibit emergent collective behaviors such as pattern formation and phase separation in both biologica and synthetic systems. While these behaviors are increasingly well understood for…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-07-27 Syeda Sabrina , Matthew Spellings , Sharon C. Glotzer , Kyle J. M. Bishop

Liquid-liquid phase separation is important across biology, physics, and materials science. Although usually studied at equilibrium, active components - such as motor proteins, enzymes, and synthetic microswimmers - are increasingly…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-06 Kan Chang , Yulin Li , Ming Yuan , Masaki Sano , Zhihong You , H. P. Zhang

Adding a small amount of passive (Brownian) particles to a two-dimensional dense suspension of repulsive active Brownian particles does not affect the appearance of a motility-induced phase separation into a dense and a dilute phase, caused…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-11 Rodrigo Fernández-Quevedo García , Enrique Chacón , Pedro Tarazona , Chantal Valeriani

Phase separation in passive systems leads to uncontrolled droplet growth, limiting structural control in soft materials and cells. We identify a generic mechanism to arrest coarsening based on chemical interconversion between molecular…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-19 Florian Raßhofer , Erwin Frey

Inert particles suspended in active fluids of self-propelled particles are known to often exhibit enhanced diffusion and novel coherent structures. Here we numerically investigate the dynamical behavior and self-organization in a system…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-07-04 Kyongmin Yeo , Enkeleida Lushi , Petia M. Vlahovska

Active particles may undergo phase separation when interactions oppose self-propulsion, in the absence of any cohesive forces. The corresponding Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS) is arguably the simplest non-trivial collective…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-12-19 Jérémy O'Byrne , Alexandre Solon , Julien Tailleur , Yongfeng Zhao