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This paper introduces the multivariate tail-inflated normal (MTIN) distribution, an elliptical heavy-tails generalization of the multivariate normal (MN). The MTIN belongs to the family of MN scale mixtures by choosing a convenient…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-23 Antonio Punzo , Luca Bagnato

For the extended skew-normal distribution, which represents an extension of the normal (or Gaussian) distribution, we focus on the properties of the log-likelihood function and derived quantities in the the bivariate case. Specifically, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-20 Stefano Franco , Adelchi Azzalini

The Weibull distribution can be obtained using a power transformation from the standard exponential distribution. In this article, we will consider a symmetrized power transformation of a random variable with the standard normal…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Krzysztof Zajkowski

This note examines the infinite divisibility of density-based transformations of normal random variables. We characterize a class of density-based transformations of normal variables which produces non-infinitely divisible distributions. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-08-03 A. Murillo-Salas , F. J. Rubio

A random variable $\xi$ has a {\it light-tailed} distribution (for short: is light-tailed) if it possesses a finite exponential moment, $\E \exp (\lambda \xi) <\infty$ for some $\lambda >0$, and has a {\it heavy-tailed} distribution (is…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Sergey Foss , Anton Tarasenko , Georgiy Krivtsov

In probability theory, there is a tendency to treat one random variable with a given distribution as being just as good as any other. By and large this is fine because probability is (mostly) concerned with distributional properties of…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-01-31 Douglas Rizzolo

The problem of characterizing a multivariate distribution of a random vector using examination of univariate combinations of vector components is an essential issue of multivariate analysis. The likelihood principle plays a prominent role…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-29 Albert Vexler

This paper presents a set of Stata commands and Mata functions to evaluate different distributional quantities of the multivariate normal distribution, and a particular type of non-central multivariate t distribution. Specifically, their…

Computation · Statistics 2017-11-29 Michael Grayling , Adrian Mander

We extend the construction principle of multivariate phase-type distributions to establish an analytically tractable class of heavy-tailed multivariate random variables whose marginal distributions are of Mittag-Leffler type with arbitrary…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-25 Hansjoerg Albrecher , Martin Bladt , Mogens Bladt

The envelope of an elliptical Gaussian complex vector, or equivalently, the amplitude or norm of a bivariate normal random vector has application in many weather and signal processing contexts. We explicitly characterize its distribution in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Sattwik Ghosal , Ranjan Maitra

Given an arbitrary continuous probability density function, it is introduced a conjugated probability density, which is defined through the Shannon information associated with its cumulative distribution function. These new densities are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-26 H. M. de Oliveira , R. J. Cintra

A new characterization of the multivariate so-called "quasi-Gaussian distribution" (the authors dared to coin a new term) by means of independence their Cartesian and polar coordinates proposed. The authors try to show that these…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-11-12 E. Ostrovsky , L. Sirota , A. Zeldin

The multidimensional distributions with heavy tails attracted recently the attention of several papers on Applied Probability. However, the most of the works of the last decades are focused on multivariate regular variation, while the rest…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Dimitrios G. Konstantinides , Charalampos D. Passalidis

The bivariate Gaussian distribution has been a key model for many developments in statistics. However, many real-world phenomena generate data that follow asymmetric distributions, and consequently bivariate normal model is inappropriate in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-08 Roberto Vila , Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan , Helton Saulo , Ana Protazio

Data exhibiting heavy-tails in one or more dimensions is often studied using the framework of regular variation. In a multivariate setting this requires identifying specific forms of dependence in the data; this means identifying that the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-02 Bikramjit Das , Sidney I. Resnick

For the family of multivariate probability distributions variously denoted as unified skew-normal, closed skew-normal and other names, a number of properties are already known, but many others are not, even some basic ones. The present…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-13 Reinaldo B. Arellano-Valle , Adelchi Azzalini

Motivated by the need, in some Bayesian likelihood free inference problems, of imputing a multivariate counting distribution based on its vector of means and variance-covariance matrix, we define a generic multivariate discrete…

Applications · Statistics 2011-03-28 Marcos Capistrán , J. Andrés Christen

We investigate a way of comparing and classifying tails of random variables. Our approach extends the notion of classical indices, such as exponential and moment indices, which are widely used measuring heaviness of tail functions. A…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-10-07 Jaakko Lehtomaa

We show that a simple mechanistic model of spatial dispersal for settling organisms, subject to parameter variability, can generate heavy-tailed radial probability density functions. The movement of organisms in the model consists of a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-23 Luis F. Gordillo , Priscilla E. Greenwood

We obtain asymptotic approximations for the probability density function of the product of two correlated normal random variables with non-zero means and arbitrary variances. As a consequence, we deduce asymptotic approximations for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Robert E. Gaunt , Zixin Ye