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In real-world applications, machine learning models must reliably detect Out-of-Distribution (OoD) samples to prevent unsafe decisions. Current OoD detection methods often rely on analyzing the logits or the embeddings of the penultimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Gianluca Guglielmo , Marc Masana

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization has become a primary metric for evaluating image analysis systems. Since deep learning models tend to capture domain-specific context, they often develop shortcut dependencies on these non-causal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Haoran Pei , Yuguang Yang , Kexin Liu , Juan Zhang , Baochang Zhang

Addressing the Out-of-Distribution (OoD) segmentation task is a prerequisite for perception systems operating in an open-world environment. Large foundational models are frequently used in downstream tasks, however, their potential for OoD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Nazir Nayal , Youssef Shoeb , Fatma Güney

Diffusion-based methods represented as stochastic differential equations on a continuous-time domain have recently proven successful as a non-adversarial generative model. Training such models relies on denoising score matching, which can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Sarthak Mittal , Korbinian Abstreiter , Stefan Bauer , Bernhard Schölkopf , Arash Mehrjou

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to prevent anomalous inputs from causing a model to fail during deployment. While improved OOD detection methods have emerged, they often rely on the final layer outputs and require a full…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Ziqian Lin , Sreya Dutta Roy , Yixuan Li

Despite multiple efforts made towards robust machine learning (ML) models, their vulnerability to adversarial examples remains a challenging problem that calls for rethinking the defense strategy. In this paper, we take a step back and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Abderrahmen Amich , Birhanu Eshete

Ophthalmologists typically require multimodal data sources to improve diagnostic accuracy in clinical decisions. However, due to medical device shortages, low-quality data and data privacy concerns, missing data modalities are common in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Chengzhi Liu , Zile Huang , Zhe Chen , Feilong Tang , Yu Tian , Zhongxing Xu , Zihong Luo , Yalin Zheng , Yanda Meng

Deep learning models are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, where reliable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential to ensure robustness. Existing methods predominantly rely on the penultimate-layer activations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Shreen Gul , Mohamed Elmahallawy , Ardhendu Tripathy , Sanjay Madria

The success of supervised learning hinges on the assumption that the training and test data come from the same underlying distribution, which is often not valid in practice due to potential distribution shift. In light of this, most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Bo Li , Yezhen Wang , Shanghang Zhang , Dongsheng Li , Trevor Darrell , Kurt Keutzer , Han Zhao

Ophthalmic images may contain identical-looking pathologies that can cause failure in automated techniques to distinguish different retinal degenerative diseases. Additionally, reliance on large annotated datasets and lack of knowledge…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-02 Sharif Amit Kamran , Khondker Fariha Hossain , Alireza Tavakkoli , Stewart Lee Zuckerbrod , Salah A. Baker

Disentangled representation learning has been proposed as an approach to learning general representations even in the absence of, or with limited, supervision. A good general representation can be fine-tuned for new target tasks using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Xiao Liu , Pedro Sanchez , Spyridon Thermos , Alison Q. O'Neil , Sotirios A. Tsaftaris

Self-supervised learning has recently gained growing interest in molecular modeling for scientific tasks such as AI-assisted drug discovery. Current studies consider leveraging both 2D and 3D molecular structures for representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Qiying Yu , Yudi Zhang , Yuyan Ni , Shikun Feng , Yanyan Lan , Hao Zhou , Jingjing Liu

Generative learning is a powerful tool for representation learning, and shows particular promise for problems in biomedical imaging. However, in this context, sampling from the distribution is secondary to finding representations of real…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Simon Myles Thomas

Robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data is an important goal in building reliable machine learning systems. Especially in autonomous systems, wrong predictions for OOD inputs can cause safety critical situations. As a first step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Andreas Sedlmeier , Thomas Gabor , Thomy Phan , Lenz Belzner , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Learning robust models under distribution shifts between training and test datasets is a fundamental challenge in machine learning. While learning invariant features across environments is a popular approach, it often assumes that these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Taero Kim , Subeen Park , Sungjun Lim , Yonghan Jung , Krikamol Muandet , Kyungwoo Song

Deep neural networks have attained remarkable performance when applied to data that comes from the same distribution as that of the training set, but can significantly degrade otherwise. Therefore, detecting whether an example is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yen-Chang Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Zsolt Kira

Pre-trained deep image representations are useful for post-training tasks such as classification through transfer learning, image retrieval, and object detection. Data augmentations are a crucial aspect of pre-training robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Sangnie Bhardwaj , Willie McClinton , Tongzhou Wang , Guillaume Lajoie , Chen Sun , Phillip Isola , Dilip Krishnan

Cross-modal text-molecule retrieval model aims to learn a shared feature space of the text and molecule modalities for accurate similarity calculation, which facilitates the rapid screening of molecules with specific properties and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Jia Song , Wanru Zhuang , Yujie Lin , Liang Zhang , Chunyan Li , Jinsong Su , Song He , Xiaochen Bo

Many important problems in the real world don't have unique solutions. It is thus important for machine learning models to be capable of proposing different plausible solutions with meaningful probability measures. In this work we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Di Qiu , Lok Ming Lui

We propose a method for learning dynamical systems from high-dimensional empirical data that combines variational autoencoders and (spatio-)temporal attention within a framework designed to enforce certain scientifically-motivated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Kai Lagemann , Christian Lagemann , Sach Mukherjee