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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) has become essential for adapting pretrained models to specific downstream tasks. In this paper, we propose Linear Chain Transformation (LinChain), a novel approach that introduces a sequence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Yulong Wang , Chang Zuo , Yin Xuan , Hong Li , Ni Wei

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have gained significant popularity for adapting pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, primarily due to their potential to significantly reduce memory and computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Kai Yao , Penglei Gao , Lichun Li , Yuan Zhao , Xiaofeng Wang , Wei Wang , Jianke Zhu

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, instruction tuning has become critical for improving their ability to generate accurate and contextually appropriate responses. Although numerous instruction-tuning datasets have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Jielin Song , Siyu Liu , Bin Zhu , Yanghui Rao

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, yet their potential for sequential decision-making remains underexplored. In this paper, we study the ICL capabilities of LLMs in sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Minmin Zhang , Sina Aghaei , Soroush Saghafian

Large language models (LLMs) trained with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their underlying reward functions and decision-making processes remain opaque. This paper introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jared Joselowitz , Ritam Majumdar , Arjun Jagota , Matthieu Bou , Nyal Patel , Satyapriya Krishna , Sonali Parbhoo

Automated Program Repair (APR) aims to fix bugs by generating patches. And existing work has demonstrated that "pre-training and fine-tuning" paradigm enables Large Language Models (LLMs) improve fixing capabilities on APR. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Guochang Li , Chen Zhi , Jialiang Chen , Junxiao Han , Shuiguang Deng

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for addressing a wide range of general inquiries and tasks. Despite this, fine-tuning aligned LLMs on smaller, domain-specific datasets, critical to adapting them to specialized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Guanlin Li , Kangjie Chen , Shangwei Guo , Jie Zhang , Han Qiu , Chao Zhang , Guoyin Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the capabilities of artificial intelligence across various domains. However, their massive scale and high computational costs render them unsuitable for direct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Hang Zhou , Hanting Chen , An Xiao , Tianyu Guo , Kai Han , Xinghao Chen , Yunhe Wang

We demonstrate that LLMs may learn indicators of document usefulness and modulate their updates accordingly. We introduce random strings ("tags") as indicators of usefulness in a synthetic fine-tuning dataset. Fine-tuning on this dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Dmitrii Krasheninnikov , Egor Krasheninnikov , Bruno Mlodozeniec , Tegan Maharaj , David Krueger

Recent advances in large language model (LLM) reasoning have shown that sophisticated behaviors such as planning and self-reflection can emerge through reinforcement learning (RL). However, despite these successes, RL in its current form…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Lu Ma , Hao Liang , Meiyi Qiang , Lexiang Tang , Xiaochen Ma , Zhen Hao Wong , Junbo Niu , Chengyu Shen , Runming He , Yanhao Li , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang

Pretrained language models are promising particularly for low-resource languages as they only require unlabelled data. However, training existing models requires huge amounts of compute, while pretrained cross-lingual models often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Julian Martin Eisenschlos , Sebastian Ruder , Piotr Czapla , Marcin Kardas , Sylvain Gugger , Jeremy Howard

Industrial machine fault diagnosis is a critical component of operational efficiency and safety in manufacturing environments. Traditional methods rely heavily on expert knowledge and specific machine learning models, which can be limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Apiradee Boonmee , Kritsada Wongsuwan , Pimchanok Sukjai

This paper presents a novel method for utilizing fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) to minimize data requirements in load profile analysis, demonstrated through the restoration of missing data in power system load profiles. A two-stage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yi Hu , Hyeonjin Kim , Kai Ye , Ning Lu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

Instruction tuning -- fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) on pairs of instructions and desired outcomes -- is an approach that enables pre-trained language models to perform real-world tasks and follow human instructions. Its practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Dylan Zhang , Justin Wang , Francois Charton

In recent years, instruction fine-tuning (IFT) on large language models (LLMs) has garnered considerable attention to enhance model performance on unseen tasks. Attempts have been made on automatic construction and effective selection for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Renhao Li , Minghuan Tan , Derek F. Wong , Min Yang

Large language models (LLMs) acquire extensive prior knowledge through large-scale pretraining and can be further enhanced via supervised fine-tuning (SFT) or reinforcement learning (RL)-based post-training. A growing body of evidence has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Honglin Zhang , Qianyue Hao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Large Language Models are traditionally finetuned on large instruction datasets. However recent studies suggest that small, high-quality datasets can suffice for general purpose instruction following. This lack of consensus surrounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Aditi Jha , Sam Havens , Jeremy Dohmann , Alex Trott , Jacob Portes

One way to enhance the reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is to conduct Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) using Chain-of-Thought (CoT) annotations. This approach does not show sufficiently strong generalization ability,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Trung Quoc Luong , Xinbo Zhang , Zhanming Jie , Peng Sun , Xiaoran Jin , Hang Li

Large Language Model (LLM) agents show great promise for complex, multi-turn tool-use tasks, but their development is often hampered by the extreme scarcity of high-quality training data. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) on synthetic data leads…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Siyuan Lu , Zechuan Wang , Hongxuan Zhang , Qintong Wu , Leilei Gan , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu , Tao Lin