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An increasing amount of research in Natural Language Inference (NLI) focuses on the application and evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their reasoning capabilities. Despite their success, however, LLMs are still prone to factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Xin Quan , Marco Valentino , Louise A. Dennis , André Freitas

Computational methods to aid journalists in the task often require adapting a model to specific domains and generating explanations. However, most automated fact-checking methods rely on three-class datasets, which do not accurately reflect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jing Yang , Anderson Rocha

Natural language inference (NLI) is the task of determining if a natural language hypothesis can be inferred from a given premise in a justifiable manner. NLI was proposed as a benchmark task for natural language understanding. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Aakanksha Naik , Abhilasha Ravichander , Norman Sadeh , Carolyn Rose , Graham Neubig

We perform an in-depth error analysis of Adversarial NLI (ANLI), a recently introduced large-scale human-and-model-in-the-loop natural language inference dataset collected over multiple rounds. We propose a fine-grained annotation scheme of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Adina Williams , Tristan Thrush , Douwe Kiela

Natural language explanations represent a proxy for evaluating explanation-based and multi-step Natural Language Inference (NLI) models. However, assessing the validity of explanations for NLI is challenging as it typically involves the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Xin Quan , Marco Valentino , Louise A. Dennis , André Freitas

Natural language inference (NLI) is formulated as a unified framework for solving various NLP problems such as relation extraction, question answering, summarization, etc. It has been studied intensively in the past few years thanks to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Wenpeng Yin , Dragomir Radev , Caiming Xiong

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a hot topic research in natural language processing, contradiction detection between sentences is a special case of NLI. This is considered a difficult NLP task which has a big influence when added as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Khloud Al Jallad , Nada Ghneim

We revisit the reference determinacy (RD) assumption in the task of natural language inference (NLI), i.e., the premise and hypothesis are assumed to refer to the same context when human raters annotate a label. While RD is a practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Sihao Chen , Chaitanya Malaviya , Alex Fabrikant , Hagai Taitelbaum , Tal Schuster , Senaka Buthpitiya , Dan Roth

This work introduces a natural language inference (NLI) dataset that focuses on the validity of statements in legal wills. This dataset is unique because: (a) each entailment decision requires three inputs: the statement from the will, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Alice Saebom Kwak , Jacob O. Israelsen , Clayton T. Morrison , Derek E. Bambauer , Mihai Surdeanu

Rigorous evaluation of the causal effects of semantic features on language model predictions can be hard to achieve for natural language reasoning problems. However, this is such a desirable form of analysis from both an interpretability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Julia Rozanova , Marco Valentino , André Freitas

Large annotated datasets in NLP are overwhelmingly in English. This is an obstacle to progress in other languages. Unfortunately, obtaining new annotated resources for each task in each language would be prohibitively expensive. At the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Emrah Budur , Rıza Özçelik , Tunga Güngör , Christopher Potts

Rigorous evaluation of the causal effects of semantic features on language model predictions can be hard to achieve for natural language reasoning problems. However, this is such a desirable form of analysis from both an interpretability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Julia Rozanova , Marco Valentino , Andre Freitas

Fine-tuning LLMs for classification typically maps inputs directly to labels. We ask whether attaching brief explanations to each label during fine-tuning yields better models. We evaluate conversational response quality along three axes:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vivswan Shah , Randy Cogill , Hanwei Yue , Gopinath Chennupati , Rinat Khaziev

Human Label Variation (HLV), i.e. systematic differences among annotators' judgments, remains underexplored in benchmarks despite rapid progress in large language model (LLM) development. We address this gap by introducing an evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Tomas Ruiz , Tanalp Agustoslu , Carsten Schwemmer

Human annotation cost and time remain significant bottlenecks in Natural Language Processing (NLP), with test data annotation being particularly expensive due to the stringent requirement for low-error and high-quality labels necessary for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Antonio Purificato , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Andrea Bacciu , Amin Mantrach , Fabrizio Silvestri

Much of human communication depends on implication, conveying meaning beyond literal words to express a wider range of thoughts, intentions, and feelings. For models to better understand and facilitate human communication, they must be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Shreya Havaldar , Hamidreza Alvari , John Palowitch , Mohammad Javad Hosseini , Senaka Buthpitiya , Alex Fabrikant

Given the increasingly prominent role NLP models (will) play in our lives, it is important for human expectations of model behavior to align with actual model behavior. Using Natural Language Inference (NLI) as a case study, we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Grusha Prasad , Yixin Nie , Mohit Bansal , Robin Jia , Douwe Kiela , Adina Williams

We introduce MorphNLI, a modular step-by-step approach to natural language inference (NLI). When classifying the premise-hypothesis pairs into {entailment, contradiction, neutral}, we use a language model to generate the necessary edits to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Vlad Andrei Negru , Robert Vacareanu , Camelia Lemnaru , Mihai Surdeanu , Rodica Potolea

The task of natural language inference (NLI) asks whether a given premise (expressed in NL) entails a given NL hypothesis. NLI benchmarks contain human ratings of entailment, but the meaning relationships driving these ratings are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Juri Opitz , Shira Wein , Julius Steen , Anette Frank , Nathan Schneider

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in multilingual contexts, yet their capacity for consistent, logically grounded alignment across languages remains underexplored. We present a controlled evaluation framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Samir Abdaljalil , Erchin Serpedin , Khalid Qaraqe , Hasan Kurban