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We propose a novel measure of statistical depth, the metric spatial depth, for data residing in an arbitrary metric space. The measure assigns high (low) values for points located near (far away from) the bulk of the data distribution,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-19 Joni Virta

Robust estimators, like the median of a point set, are important for data analysis in the presence of outliers. We study robust estimators for locationally uncertain points with discrete distributions. That is, each point in a data set has…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Kevin Buchin , Jeff M. Phillips , Pingfan Tang

This paper further studies the fuzzy rough sets based on fuzzy coverings. We first present the notions of the lower and upper approximation operators based on fuzzy coverings and derive their basic properties. To facilitate the computation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-04-02 Guangming Lang , Qingguo Li , Lankun Guo

Functional data analysis has been a growing field of study in recent decades, and one fundamental task in functional data analysis is estimating the sample location. A notion called statistical depth has been extended from multivariate data…

Applications · Statistics 2018-11-06 Xudong Zhang

Statistical limits are defined relaxing conditions on conventional convergence. The main idea of the statistical convergence of a sequence l is that the majority of elements from l converge and we do not care what is going on with other…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2008-03-31 Mark Burgin , Oktay Duman

We establish a definition of ordinal patterns for multivariate data sets based on the concept of Tukey's halfspace depth. Given the definition of these \emph{depth patterns}, we are interested in the probabilities of observing specific…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-27 Annika Betken , Alexander Schnurr

Fuzzy implication functions are a key area of study in fuzzy logic, extending the classical logical conditional to handle truth degrees in the interval $[0,1]$. While existing literature often focuses on a limited number of families, in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Raquel Fernandez-Peralta

During the past two decades there has been a lot of interest in developing statistical depth notions that generalize the univariate concept of ranking to multivariate data. The notion of depth has also been extended to regression models and…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-18 Peter J. Rousseeuw , Mia Hubert

The practice of stochastic sensitivity analysis described in the decision analysis literature is a testimonial to the need for considering deviations from precise point estimates of uncertainty. We propose the use of Bayesian fuzzy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Pramod Jain , Alice M. Agogino

The concept of depth has proved very important for multivariate and functional data analysis, as it essentially acts as a surrogate for the notion a ranking of observations which is absent in more than one dimension. Motivated by the rapid…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-30 Gery Geenens , Alicia Nieto-Reyes , Giacomo Francisci

Mean estimation is a fundamental task in statistics and a focus within differentially private statistical estimation. While univariate methods based on the Gaussian mechanism are widely used in practice, more advanced techniques such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gavin Brown , Lydia Zakynthinou

In this paper we provide a general setting to deal with level continuous fuzzy-valued functions. Namely, we embed such functions into a product of spaces of real-valued functions of two variables satisfying certain types of left-continuity,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2026-03-31 J. J. Font , S. Macario , M. Sanchis

In quantum mechanics, a norm squared wave function can be interpreted as the probability density that describes the likelihood of a particle to be measured in a given position or momentum. This statistical property is at the core of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Ying-Tao Luo , Peng-Qi Li , Dong-Ting Li , Yu-Gui Peng , Zhi-Guo Geng , Shu-Huan Xie , Yong Li , Andrea Alu , Jie Zhu , Xue-Feng Zhu

Data depths are score functions that quantify in an unsupervised fashion how central is a point inside a distribution, with numerous applications such as anomaly detection, multivariate or functional data analysis, arising across various…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-14 Arturo Castellanos , Pavlo Mozharovskyi

Data depth is a well-known and useful nonparametric tool for analyzing functional data. It provides a novel way of ranking a sample of curves from the center outwards and defining robust statistics, such as the median or trimmed means. It…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-31 Carlo Sguera , Sara López-Pintado

This research concerns the estimation of latent linear or polychoric correlations from fuzzy frequency tables. Fuzzy counts are of particular interest to many disciplines including social and behavioral sciences, and are especially relevant…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-22 Antonio Calcagnì

A statistical, data-driven method is presented that quantifies influences between variables of a dynamical system. The method is based on finding a suitable representation of points by fuzzy affiliations with respect to landmark points…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-03-14 Niklas Wulkow

Directional data are constrained to lie on the unit sphere of~$\mathbb{R}^q$ for some~$q\geq 2$. To address the lack of a natural ordering for such data, depth functions have been defined on spheres. However, the depths available either…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-06 Giuseppe Pandolfo , Davy Paindaveine , Giovanni Porzio

Tukey's depth offers a powerful tool for nonparametric inference and estimation, but also encounters serious computational and methodological difficulties in modern statistical data analysis. This paper studies how to generalize and compute…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-04 Yiyuan She , Shao Tang , Jingze Liu

Among their competitors, projection depth and its induced estimators are very favorable because they can enjoy very high breakdown point robustness without having to pay the price of low efficiency, meanwhile providing a promising…

Computation · Statistics 2011-12-30 Xiaohui Liu , Yijun Zuo , Zhizhong Wang