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We study the problem of multilingual masked language modeling, i.e. the training of a single model on concatenated text from multiple languages, and present a detailed study of several factors that influence why these models are so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Shijie Wu , Alexis Conneau , Haoran Li , Luke Zettlemoyer , Veselin Stoyanov

Low-resource languages, such as Baltic languages, benefit from Large Multilingual Models (LMs) that possess remarkable cross-lingual transfer performance capabilities. This work is an interpretation and analysis study into cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Maksym Del , Mark Fishel

Realignment is a promising strategy to improve cross-lingual transfer in multilingual language models. However, empirical results are mixed and often unreliable, particularly for typologically distant or low-resource languages (LRLs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Quang Phuoc Nguyen , David Anugraha , Felix Gaschi , Jun Bin Cheng , En-Shiun Annie Lee

Multilingual representations have mostly been evaluated based on their performance on specific tasks. In this article, we look beyond engineering goals and analyze the relations between languages in computational representations. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Lisa Beinborn , Rochelle Choenni

Current multilingual vision-language models either require a large number of additional parameters for each supported language, or suffer performance degradation as languages are added. In this paper, we propose a Scalable Multilingual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-31 Andrea Burns , Donghyun Kim , Derry Wijaya , Kate Saenko , Bryan A. Plummer

It is a well-known fact that current AI-based language technology -- language models, machine translation systems, multilingual dictionaries and corpora -- focuses on the world's 2-3% most widely spoken languages. Recent research efforts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Gábor Bella , Paula Helm , Gertraud Koch , Fausto Giunchiglia

Bias is a disproportionate prejudice in favor of one side against another. Due to the success of transformer-based Masked Language Models (MLMs) and their impact on many NLP tasks, a systematic evaluation of bias in these models is needed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Jeongrok Yu , Seong Ug Kim , Jacob Choi , Jinho D. Choi

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

Recent work has shown how to learn better visual-semantic embeddings by leveraging image descriptions in more than one language. Here, we investigate in detail which conditions affect the performance of this type of grounded language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-21 Ákos Kádár , Desmond Elliott , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Grzegorz Chrupała , Afra Alishahi

Script diversity presents a challenge to Multilingual Language Models (MLLM) by reducing lexical overlap among closely related languages. Therefore, transliterating closely related languages that use different writing scripts to a common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ibraheem Muhammad Moosa , Mahmud Elahi Akhter , Ashfia Binte Habib

Prior research diverges on language diversity in LLM fine-tuning: Some studies report benefits while others find no advantages. Through controlled fine-tuning experiments across 132 translation directions, we systematically resolve these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 David Stap , Christof Monz

Multimodal foundation models aim to create a unified representation space that abstracts away from surface features like language syntax or modality differences. To investigate this, we study the internal representations of three recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hyunji Lee , Danni Liu , Supriti Sinhamahapatra , Jan Niehues

Large language models (LLMs) have multilingual capabilities and can solve tasks across various languages. However, we show that current LLMs make key decisions in a representation space closest to English, regardless of their input and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Lisa Schut , Yarin Gal , Sebastian Farquhar

With the recent explosion in popularity of voice assistant devices, there is a growing interest in making them available to user populations in additional countries and languages. However, to provide the highest accuracy and best…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Lizhen Tan , Olga Golovneva

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been adopted and deployed worldwide for a broad variety of applications. However, ensuring their safe use remains a significant challenge. Preference training and safety measures often overfit to harms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Aakanksha , Arash Ahmadian , Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Beyza Ermis , Marzieh Fadaee , Sara Hooker

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in natural language processing tasks. Recommender systems traditionally use methods such as collaborative filtering and matrix factorization, as well as advanced techniques like deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Makbule Gulcin Ozsoy

The "massively-multilingual" training of multilingual models is known to limit their utility in any one language, and they perform particularly poorly on low-resource languages. However, there is evidence that low-resource languages can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 C. M. Downey , Terra Blevins , Dhwani Serai , Dwija Parikh , Shane Steinert-Threlkeld

Large language models have made significant progress in the past few years. However, they are either generic {\it or} field specific, splitting the community into different groups. In this paper, we unify these large language models into a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Yuanhao Gong

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable performance in high-resource languages. However, their effectiveness diminishes significantly in the contexts of low-resource languages. Current multilingual enhancement methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yufei Gao , Jiaying Fei , Nuo Chen , Ruirui Chen , Guohang Yan , Yunshi Lan , Botian Shi

Multilingual Machine Translation promises to improve translation quality between non-English languages. This is advantageous for several reasons, namely lower latency (no need to translate twice), and reduced error cascades (e.g., avoiding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Telmo Pessoa Pires , Robin M. Schmidt , Yi-Hsiu Liao , Stephan Peitz