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We present symbol tuning - finetuning language models on in-context input-label pairs where natural language labels (e.g., "positive/negative sentiment") are replaced with arbitrary symbols (e.g., "foo/bar"). Symbol tuning leverages the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Jerry Wei , Le Hou , Andrew Lampinen , Xiangning Chen , Da Huang , Yi Tay , Xinyun Chen , Yifeng Lu , Denny Zhou , Tengyu Ma , Quoc V. Le

Language Models (LMs) can perform new tasks by adapting to a few in-context examples. For humans, explanations that connect examples to task principles can improve learning. We therefore investigate whether explanations of few-shot examples…

The remarkable advancements in large language models (LLMs) have brought about significant improvements in Natural Language Processing(NLP) tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of in-context learning techniques, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yinheng Li

Instruction tuning improves the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), with data quality and scalability being the crucial factors. Most instruction tuning data come from human crowd-sourcing or GPT-4 distillation. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Xiang Yue , Tuney Zheng , Ge Zhang , Wenhu Chen

As the capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the "pre-train and fine-tune" paradigm has become increasingly mainstream, leading to the development of various fine-tuning methods. However, the privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Jie Hou , Chuxiong Wu , Lannan Luo , Qiang Zeng

Language models can be viewed as functions that embed text into Euclidean space, where the quality of the embedding vectors directly determines model performance, training such neural networks involves various uncertainties. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Yifei Duan , Raphael Shang , Deng Liang , Yongqiang Cai

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to enhance K-12 STEM education by improving both teaching and learning processes. While previous studies have shown promising results, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Eason Chen , Danyang Wang , Luyi Xu , Chen Cao , Xiao Fang , Jionghao Lin

Adult learning is increasingly recognized as a crucial way for personal development and societal progress. It however is challenging, and adult learners face unique challenges such as balancing education with other life responsibilities.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Fang Liu , Bosheng Ding , Chong Guan , Zhang Wei , Dusit Niyato , Justina Tan

Transformer-based language models have shown state-of-the-art performance on a variety of natural language understanding tasks. To achieve this performance, these models are first pre-trained on general corpus and then fine-tuned on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Mohammadreza Tayaranian , Seyyed Hasan Mozafari , Brett H. Meyer , James J. Clark , Warren J. Gross

Cryptocurrencies have emerged as a novel financial asset garnering significant attention in recent years. A defining characteristic of these digital currencies is their pronounced short-term market volatility, primarily influenced by…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-02 Vahidin Jeleskovic , Stephen Mackay

Pre-trained transformer language models have shown remarkable performance on a variety of NLP tasks. However, recent research has suggested that phrase-level representations in these models reflect heavy influences of lexical content, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Lang Yu , Allyson Ettinger

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks, including sentiment analysis. However, data quality--particularly when sourced from social media--can significantly impact their accuracy. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Naman Bhargava , Mohammed I. Radaideh , O Hwang Kwon , Aditi Verma , Majdi I. Radaideh

Research to improve Automated Short Answer Grading has recently focused on Large Language Models (LLMs) with prompt engineering and no- or few-shot prompting to achieve best results. This is in contrast to the fine-tuning approach, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Joel Walsh , Siddarth Mamidanna , Benjamin Nye , Mark Core , Daniel Auerbach

Generating accurate code review comments remains a significant challenge due to the inherently diverse and non-unique nature of the task output. Large language models pretrained on both programming and natural language data tend to perform…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Md. Asif Haider , Ayesha Binte Mostofa , Sk. Sabit Bin Mosaddek , Anindya Iqbal , Toufique Ahmed

Sentiment analysis is a crucial task in natural language processing that involves identifying and extracting subjective sentiment from text. Self-training has recently emerged as an economical and efficient technique for developing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Haochen Liu , Sai Krishna Rallabandi , Yijing Wu , Parag Pravin Dakle , Preethi Raghavan

Text style transfer is usually performed using attributes that can take a handful of discrete values (e.g., positive to negative reviews). In this work, we introduce an architecture that can leverage pre-trained consistent continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Eric Michael Smith , Diana Gonzalez-Rico , Emily Dinan , Y-Lan Boureau

Improvements in language model capabilities are often attributed to increasing model size or training data, but in some cases smaller models trained on curated data or with different architectural decisions can outperform larger ones…

Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) is a powerful paradigm that strengthens the zero-shot capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), but in doing so induces new evaluation metric requirements. We show LLM-based metrics to be well adapted to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Manuel Faysse , Gautier Viaud , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

Instruction tuning (IT) is widely used to teach pretrained large language models (LLMs) to follow arbitrary instructions, but is under-studied in multilingual settings. In this work, we conduct a systematic study of zero-shot cross-lingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Nadezhda Chirkova , Vassilina Nikoulina

A sentiment analysis system powered by machine learning was created in this study to improve real-time social network public opinion monitoring. For sophisticated sentiment identification, the suggested approach combines cutting-edge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Arsen Tolebay Nurlanuly