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In day-to-day communication, people often approximate the truth - for example, rounding the time or omitting details - in order to be maximally helpful to the listener. How do large language models (LLMs) handle such nuanced trade-offs? To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ryan Liu , Theodore R. Sumers , Ishita Dasgupta , Thomas L. Griffiths

Large language models offer significant potential for increasing labour productivity, such as streamlining personnel selection, but raise concerns about perpetuating systemic biases embedded into their pre-training data. This study explores…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-13 Louis Lippens

Patients with schizophrenia often present with cognitive impairments that may hinder their ability to learn about their condition. These individuals could benefit greatly from education platforms that leverage the adaptability of Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Per Niklas Waaler , Musarrat Hussain , Igor Molchanov , Lars Ailo Bongo , Brita Elvevåg

In aligning large language models (LLMs), utilizing feedback from existing advanced AI rather than humans is an important method to scale supervisory signals. However, it is highly challenging for AI to understand human intentions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Rong Bao , Rui Zheng , Shihan Dou , Xiao Wang , Enyu Zhou , Bo Wang , Qi Zhang , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao

The remarkable abilities of large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 partially stem from post-training processes like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) involving human preferences encoded in a reward model. However, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Corby Rosset , Guoqing Zheng , Victor Dibia , Ahmed Awadallah , Paul Bennett

Social Media and Internet have the potential to be exploited as a source of opinion to enrich Decision Making solutions. Crowd Decision Making (CDM) is a methodology able to infer opinions and decisions from plain texts, such as reviews…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 David Herrera-Poyatos , Cristina Zuheros , Rosana Montes , Francisco Herrera

The development of large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has brought a lot of attention recently. However, their evaluation in the benchmark academic datasets remains under-explored due to the difficulty of evaluating the generative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , M Saiful Bari , Mizanur Rahman , Md Amran Hossen Bhuiyan , Shafiq Joty , Jimmy Xiangji Huang

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and intents critically involves the use of human or AI feedback. While dense feedback annotations are expensive to acquire and integrate, sparse feedback presents a structural design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Hritik Bansal , John Dang , Aditya Grover

This study presents an innovative approach to the application of large language models (LLMs) in clinical decision-making, focusing on OpenAI's ChatGPT. Our approach introduces the use of contextual prompts-strategically designed to include…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Fatemeh Nazary , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used as zero-shot and few-shot classifiers, where task behaviour is largely controlled through prompting. A growing number of works have observed that LLMs are sensitive to prompt variations, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Branislav Pecher , Michal Spiegel , Robert Belanec , Jan Cegin

Large language models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, are capable of computing affectionately nuanced text that therefore can shape online interactions, including dating. This study explores how individuals experience closeness and romantic interest…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jessica Szczuka , Lisa Mühl , Paula Ebner , Simon Dubé

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT have demonstrated amazing capabilities in comprehending user intents and generate reasonable and useful responses. Beside their ability to chat, their capabilities in various natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Liz Li , Wei Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs), which simulate human users, are frequently employed to evaluate chatbots in applications such as tutoring and customer service. Effective evaluation necessitates a high degree of human-like diversity within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Xiaoyu Lin , Xinkai Yu , Ankit Aich , Salvatore Giorgi , Lyle Ungar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generalizing to new tasks in a zero-shot or few-shot manner. However, the extent to which LLMs can comprehend user preferences based on their previous behavior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Wang-Cheng Kang , Jianmo Ni , Nikhil Mehta , Maheswaran Sathiamoorthy , Lichan Hong , Ed Chi , Derek Zhiyuan Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as influential instruments within the realm of natural language processing; nevertheless, their capacity to handle multi-party conversations (MPCs) -- a scenario marked by the presence of multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Chao-Hong Tan , Jia-Chen Gu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at producing broadly relevant text, but this generality becomes a limitation when user-specific preferences are required, such as recommending restaurants or planning travel. In these scenarios, users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ioannis Tsaknakis , Bingqing Song , Shuyu Gan , Dongyeop Kang , Alfredo Garcia , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong

While large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and PaLM have demonstrated remarkable performance in various language understanding and generation tasks, their capabilities in complex reasoning and intricate knowledge utilization still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haodi Zhang , Min Cai , Xinhe Zhang , Chen Jason Zhang , Rui Mao , Kaishun Wu

In this paper, we uncover a systematic bias in the evaluation paradigm of adopting large language models~(LLMs), e.g., GPT-4, as a referee to score and compare the quality of responses generated by candidate models. We find that the quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Peiyi Wang , Lei Li , Liang Chen , Zefan Cai , Dawei Zhu , Binghuai Lin , Yunbo Cao , Qi Liu , Tianyu Liu , Zhifang Sui

In-context learning (ICL) is a critical emerging capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling few-shot learning during inference by including a few demonstrations (demos) in the prompt. However, it has been found that ICL's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Kwesi Cobbina , Tianyi Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GPT-4 have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various generative tasks. However, their performance is often hampered by limitations in accessing and leveraging long-term memory, leading…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Zhongsheng Wang , Jiamou Liu , Qiming Bao , Hongfei Rong , Jingfeng Zhang
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