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We settle a conjecture by Coons and Sullivant stating that the maximum likelihood (ML) degree of a facial submodel of a toric model is at most the ML degree of the model itself. We discuss the impact on the ML degree from observing zeros in…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Carlos Améndola , Janike Oldekop , Maximilian Wiesmann

We study the maximum likelihood degree (ML degree) of toric varieties, known as discrete exponential models in statistics. By introducing scaling coefficients to the monomial parameterization of the toric variety, one can change the ML…

We study multivariate Gaussian models that are described by linear conditions on the concentration matrix. We compute the maximum likelihood (ML) degrees of these models. That is, we count the critical points of the likelihood function over…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Carlos Améndola , Lukas Gustafsson , Kathlén Kohn , Orlando Marigliano , Anna Seigal

We study the maximum likelihood (ML) degree of linear concentration models in algebraic statistics. We relate it to an intersection problem on the variety of complete quadrics. This allows us to provide an explicit, basic, albeit of high…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-11-19 Mateusz Michałek , Leonid Monin , Jarosław Wiśniewski

We study the maximum likelihood (ML) degree of discrete exponential independence models and models defined by the second hypersimplex. For models with two independent variables, we show that the ML degree is an invariant of a matroid…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-12-04 Oliver Clarke , Serkan Hoşten , Nataliia Kushnerchuk , Janike Oldekop

The maximum likelihood degree (ML degree) measures the algebraic complexity of a fundamental optimization problem in statistics: maximum likelihood estimation. In this problem, one maximizes the likelihood function over a statistical model.…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2017-02-13 Jose Israel Rodriguez , Botong Wang

We study the problem of maximum likelihood (ML) estimation for statistical models defined by reflexive polytopes. Our focus is on the maximum likelihood degree of these models as an algebraic measure of complexity of the corresponding…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-24 Carlos Améndola , Janike Oldekop

Most statistical software packages implement numerical strategies for computation of maximum likelihood estimates in random effects models. Little is known, however, about the algebraic complexity of this problem. For the one-way layout…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-07 Elizabeth Gross , Mathias Drton , Sonja Petrović

We investigate the geometry of a family of log-linear statistical models called quasi-independence models. The toric fiber product is useful for understanding the geometry of parameter inference in these models because the maximum…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-12-31 Jane Ivy Coons , Heather A. Harrington , Niharika Chakrabarty Paul

Maximum likelihood estimation in statistics leads to the problem of maximizing a product of powers of polynomials. We study the algebraic degree of the critical equations of this optimization problem. This degree is related to the number of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Fabrizio Catanese , Serkan Hosten , Amit Khetan , Bernd Sturmfels

Infinite hyperplane arrangements whose vertices form a lattice are studied from the point of view of commutative algebra. The quotient of such an arrangement modulo the lattice action represents the minimal free resolution of the associated…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dave Bayer , Sorin Popescu , Bernd Sturmfels

Given a statistical model, the maximum likelihood degree is the number of complex solutions to the likelihood equations for generic data. We consider discrete algebraic statistical models and study the solutions to the likelihood equations…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-05-06 Elizabeth Gross , Jose Israel Rodriguez

In this paper we revisit the likelihood geometry of Gaussian graphical models. We give a detailed proof that the ML-degree behaves monotonically on induced subgraphs. Furthermore, we complete a missing argument that the ML-degree of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Carlos Améndola , Rodica Andreea Dinu , Mateusz Michałek , Martin Vodička

Maximum likelihood estimation is a fundamental optimization problem in statistics. We study this problem on manifolds of matrices with bounded rank. These represent mixtures of distributions of two independent discrete random variables. We…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-03-19 Jonathan Hauenstein , Jose Rodriguez , Bernd Sturmfels

We extend the results concerning the upper bounds for the maximum likelihood degree and the REML degree of the one-way random effects model presented in Gross et al. [Electron. J. Stat. 6 (2012), pp. 993-1016] to the case of the normal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-25 Mariusz Grzadziel

We settle a conjecture by Bik and Marigliano stating that the degree of a one-dimensional discrete model with rational maximum likelihood estimator is bounded above by a linear function in the size of its support, therefore showing that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Carlos Améndola , Viet Duc Nguyen , Janike Oldekop

The choice of free parameters in network models is subjective, since it depends on what topological properties are being monitored. However, we show that the Maximum Likelihood (ML) principle indicates a unique, statistically rigorous…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2008-08-07 Diego Garlaschelli , Maria I. Loffredo

We impose rank one constraints on marginalizations of a tensor, given by a simplicial complex. Following work of Kirkup and Sullivant, such marginal independence models can be made toric by a linear change of coordinates. We study their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-12 Tobias Boege , Sonja Petrović , Bernd Sturmfels

We show that algebraic varieties with maximum likelihood degree one are exactly the images of reduced A-discriminantal varieties under monomial maps with finite fibers. The maximum likelihood estimator corresponding to such a variety is…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-06-03 June Huh

Computing all critical points of a monomial on a very affine variety is a fundamental task in algebraic statistics, particle physics and other fields. The number of critical points is known as the maximum likelihood (ML) degree. When the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Daniele Agostini , Taylor Brysiewicz , Claudia Fevola , Lukas Kühne , Bernd Sturmfels , Simon Telen
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