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Related papers: Compositional preference models for aligning LMs

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Molecular language modeling is an effective approach to generating novel chemical structures. However, these models do not \emph{a priori} encode certain preferences a chemist may desire. We investigate the use of fine-tuning using Direct…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-20 Ryan Park , Ryan Theisen , Navriti Sahni , Marcel Patek , Anna Cichońska , Rayees Rahman

Preference alignment is a critical step in making Large Language Models (LLMs) useful and aligned with (human) preferences. Existing approaches such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback or Direct Preference Optimization typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Lucio La Cava , Andrea Tagarelli

Large Language Models (LLMs) still produce gender-stereotyped language even in occupation-neutral contexts that reflect deep societal biases (Rudinger et al., 2018). To address this, prior work has proposed prompting, constrained decoding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Atij Mahesh

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in natural language processing tasks, but their application to machine translation (MT) remains challenging due to pretraining on English-centric data and the complexity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Guofeng Cui , Pichao Wang , Yang Liu , Zemian Ke , Zhu Liu , Vimal Bhat

Learning from preference labels plays a crucial role in fine-tuning large language models. There are several distinct approaches for preference fine-tuning, including supervised learning, on-policy reinforcement learning (RL), and…

Accommodating human preferences is essential for creating AI agents that deliver personalized and effective interactions. Recent work has shown the potential for LLMs to infer preferences from user interactions, but they often produce broad…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Stephane Aroca-Ouellette , Natalie Mackraz , Barry-John Theobald , Katherine Metcalf

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit tendencies that diverge from human preferences, such as favoring certain writing styles or producing overly verbose outputs. While crucial for improvement, identifying the factors driving these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Juhyun Oh , Eunsu Kim , Jiseon Kim , Wenda Xu , Inha Cha , William Yang Wang , Alice Oh

Recently, preference optimization methods such as DPO have significantly enhanced large language models (LLMs) in wide tasks including dialogue and question-answering. However, current methods fail to account for the varying difficulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as reasoning modules in many applications. While they are efficient in certain tasks, LLMs often struggle to produce human-aligned solutions. Human-aligned decision making requires…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Alina Hyk , Sandhya Saisubramanian

Preference alignment is an essential step in adapting large language models (LLMs) to human values, but existing approaches typically depend on costly human annotations or large-scale API-based models. We explore whether a weak LLM can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Amirabbas Afzali , Myeongho Jeon , Maria Brbic

Learning from preference feedback has emerged as an essential step for improving the generation quality and performance of modern language models (LMs). Despite its widespread use, the way preference-based learning is applied varies wildly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hamish Ivison , Yizhong Wang , Jiacheng Liu , Zeqiu Wu , Valentina Pyatkin , Nathan Lambert , Noah A. Smith , Yejin Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are a family of discrete latent attribute models that serve as statistical basis in educational and psychological cognitive diagnosis assessments. CDMs aim to achieve fine-grained inference on individuals'…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-08 Zhuoran Shang , Elena A. Erosheva , Gongjun Xu

Particularly in low-data regimes, an outstanding challenge in machine learning is developing principled techniques for augmenting our models with suitable priors. This is to encourage them to learn in ways that are compatible with our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Kristy Choi , Chris Cundy , Sanjari Srivastava , Stefano Ermon

The capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are routinely evaluated by other LLMs trained to predict human preferences. This framework--known as LLM-as-a-judge--is highly scalable and relatively low cost. However, it is also vulnerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Lisa Alazraki , Tan Yi-Chern , Jon Ander Campos , Maximilian Mozes , Marek Rei , Max Bartolo

Chemical language models (CLMs) have emerged as promising competitors to popular classical machine learning models for molecular property prediction (MPP) tasks. However, an increasing number of studies have reported inconsistent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mohammad Mostafanejad , Paul Saxe , T. Daniel Crawford

Accurately aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is crucial for informing fair, economically sound, and statistically efficient decision-making processes. However, we argue that the predominant approach for aligning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-26 Jiancong Xiao , Ziniu Li , Xingyu Xie , Emily Getzen , Cong Fang , Qi Long , Weijie J. Su

Reward models (RMs) are crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. They are trained using preference datasets where each example consists of one input prompt, two responses, and a preference label. As curating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jiaming Shen , Ran Xu , Yennie Jun , Zhen Qin , Tianqi Liu , Carl Yang , Yi Liang , Simon Baumgartner , Michael Bendersky

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved the alignment of models with general human preferences. However, a major challenge remains in adapting LLMs to individual preferences, which are not only diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shanyong Wang , Shuhang Lin , Yining Zhao , Xi Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

This paper presents a novel approach to aligning large language models (LLMs) with individual human preferences, sometimes referred to as Reinforcement Learning from \textit{Personalized} Human Feedback (RLPHF). Given stated preferences…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jin Peng Zhou , Katie Z Luo , Jingwen Gu , Jason Yuan , Kilian Q. Weinberger , Wen Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have traditionally been aligned through one-size-fits-all approaches that assume uniform human preferences, fundamentally overlooking the diversity in user values and needs. This paper introduces a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Songhao Wu , Wei Wu , Rui Yan
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