Related papers: Design Considerations for Factorial Adaptive Multi…
Adaptive interventions (AIs) are increasingly becoming popular in medical and behavioral sciences. An AI is a sequence of individualized intervention options that specify for whom and under what conditions different intervention options…
Clinical trials usually involve sequential patient entry. When designing a clinical trial, it is often desirable to include a provision for interim analyses of accumulating data with the potential for stopping the trial early. We review…
Design For Manufacturing (DFM) approaches aim to integrate manufacturability aspects during the design stage. Most of DFM approaches usually consider only one manufacturing process, but products competitiveness may be improved by designing…
Experimental design in field robotics is an adaptive human-in-the-loop decision-making process in which an experimenter learns about system performance and limitations through interactions with a robot in the form of constructed…
The development of targeted therapies, which benefit only a subgroup of patients treated for a given type of cancer, has been extremely attractive to many investigators. Adaptive seamless phase II/III designs in oncology clinical trials…
Minimizing the number of patients exposed to potentially harmful drugs in early onco logical trials is a major concern during planning. Adaptive designs account for the inherent uncertainty about the true effect size by determining the…
We study piecewise affine policies for multi-stage adjustable robust optimization (ARO) problems with non-negative right-hand side uncertainty. First, we construct new dominating uncertainty sets and show how a multi-stage ARO problem can…
The aim of this paper is to review methods of designing screening experiments, ranging from designs originally developed for physical experiments to those especially tailored to experiments on numerical models. The strengths and weaknesses…
A group sequential clinical trial design can be an attractive option when planning a pivotal trial as this approach has the ability to stop the trial early for success, whilst also being well accepted from a regulatory review perspective.…
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is critical in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), where diagnostic uncertainty often drives broad-spectrum antibiotic use, increasing antimicrobial resistance and potential long-term harms. Machine…
This article discusses $A$-, $D$- and $E$-optimality results for multivariate crossover designs, where more than one response is measured from every period for each subject. The motivation for these multivariate designs comes from a $3…
Soft robot arms have made significant progress towards completing human-scale tasks, but designing arms for tasks with specific load and workspace requirements remains difficult. A key challenge is the lack of model-based design tools,…
Algorithmic fairness is often studied in static or single-agent settings, yet many real-world decision-making systems involve multiple interacting entities whose multi-stage actions jointly influence long-term outcomes. Existing fairness…
The conventional more-is-better dose selection paradigm, which targets the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), is not suitable for the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies as the efficacy of these novel therapies may not increase…
The field of mobile agent (MA) technology has been intensively researched during the past few years, resulting in the phenomenal proliferation of available MA platforms, all sharing several common design characteristics. Research projects…
Multi-agent systems (MAS) decompose complex tasks and delegate subtasks to different large language model (LLM) agents and tools. Prior studies have reported the superior accuracy performance of MAS across diverse domains, enabled by…
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown strong potential for medical image reasoning, yet fairness across demographic groups remains a major concern. Existing debiasing methods often rely on large labeled datasets or…
Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has been studied extensively in conventional, single-stage clinical trials, where it has been shown to yield ethical and statistical benefits, especially in trials with many treatment arms. However, RAR…
While multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies continue to advance, concerns arise as to how MIMO can remain scalable if more users are to be accommodated with an increasing number of antennas at the base station (BS) in the…
The multi-armed bandit (MAB) model is one of the most classical models to study decision-making in an uncertain environment. In this model, a player chooses one of $K$ possible arms of a bandit machine to play at each time step, where the…