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The usual belief propagation (BP) decoders are, in general, exchanging local information on the Tanner graph of the quantum error-correcting (QEC) code and, in particular, are known to not have a threshold for the surface code. We propose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Pedro Hack , Luca Menti , Francisco Lazaro , Alexandru Paler

Quantum computers could solve problems beyond the reach of classical devices, but this potential depends on quantum error correction (QEC) to protect fragile quantum states from noise. A central challenge in QEC is decoding: inferring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Tianyi Xu , Qinglong Liu , Maolin Wang , Fei Zhang , Zhe Zhao , Yang Wang , Ye Wei

Neural networks can efficiently encode the probability distribution of errors in an error correcting code. Moreover, these distributions can be conditioned on the syndromes of the corresponding errors. This paves a path forward for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-12 Stefan Krastanov , Liang Jiang

In this work, we develop an efficient decoding method for graph codes, a class of stabilizer quantum error-correcting codes constructed from graph states. While optimal decoding is generally NP-hard, we propose a faster decoder exploiting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Nirupam Basak , Goutam Paul

Quantum data-syndrome (QDS) codes are a class of quantum error-correcting codes that protect against errors both on the data qubits and on the syndrome itself via redundant measurement of stabilizer group elements. One way to define a QDS…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Eren Guttentag , Andrew Nemec , Kenneth R. Brown

Quantum error correction (QEC) is critical for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing. Topological codes, such as the toric code, offer hardware-efficient architectures but their Tanner graphs contain many girth-4 cycles that degrade the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Luca Menti , Francisco Lázaro

With the rapid developments in quantum hardware comes a push towards the first practical applications on these devices. While fully fault-tolerant quantum computers may still be years away, one may ask if there exist intermediate forms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Jarrod R. McClean , Zhang Jiang , Nicholas C. Rubin , Ryan Babbush , Hartmut Neven

We consider performance of a simple quantum convolutional code in a fault-tolerant regime using several syndrome measurement/decoding strategies and three different error models, including the circuit model.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-08 Weilei Zeng , Alexei Ashikhmin , Michael Woolls , Leonid P. Pryadko

Quantum error correction offers a promising path for performing quantum computations with low errors. Although a fully fault-tolerant execution of a quantum algorithm remains unrealized, recent experimental developments, along with…

Erasures are the primary type of errors in physical systems dominated by leakage errors. While quantum error correction (QEC) using stabilizer codes can combat erasure errors, it remains unknown which constructions achieve capacity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Yingkai Ouyang

Protecting quantum information using quantum error correction (QEC) requires repeatedly measuring stabilizers to extract error syndromes that are used to identify and correct errors. Syndrome extraction data provides information about the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-22 Robin Blume-Kohout , Kevin Young

There are well known necessary and sufficient conditions for a quantum code to correct a set of errors. We study weaker conditions under which a quantum code may correct errors with probabilities that may be less than one. We work with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jesse Fern , John Terilla

Machine learning based approaches are being increasingly used for designing decoders for next generation communication systems. One widely used framework is neural belief propagation (NBP), which unfolds the belief propagation (BP)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Sudarshan Adiga , Xin Xiao , Ravi Tandon , Bane Vasic , Tamal Bose

Low-depth random circuit codes possess many desirable properties for quantum error correction but have so far only been analyzed in the code capacity setting where it is assumed that encoding gates and syndrome measurements are noiseless.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Jon Nelson , Gregory Bentsen , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

Scalable quantum computing and communication requires the protection of quantum information from the detrimental effects of decoherence and noise. Previous work tackling this problem has relied on the original circuit model for quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-23 B. A. Bell , D. A. Herrera-Martí , M. S. Tame , D. Markham , W. J. Wadsworth , J. G. Rarity

Quantum codes are subspaces of the state space of a quantum system that are used to protect quantum information. Some common classes of quantum codes are stabilizer (or additive) codes, non-stabilizer (or non-additive) codes obtained from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-27 Hari Dilip Kumar

We investigate a novel class of quantum error correcting codes to correct errors on both qubits and higher-state quantum systems represented as qudits. These codes arise from an original graph-theoretic representation of sets of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-13 Robert Vandermolen , Duncan Wright

In this work we study the single-shot performance of higher dimensional hypergraph product codes decoded using belief-propagation and ordered-statistics decoding [Panteleev and Kalachev, 2021]. We find that decoding data qubit and syndrome…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-28 Oscar Higgott , Nikolas P. Breuckmann

Syndrome decoding is an integral but computationally demanding step in the implementation of quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here, we report the development and benchmarking of Artificial Neural Network (ANN)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Brhyeton Hall , Spiro Gicev , Muhammad Usman

We propose a scalable decoding framework for correcting correlated hook errors in stabilizer measurement circuits. Traditional circuit-level decoding attempts to estimate the precise location of faults by constructing an extended Tanner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-01 Michele Pacenti , Asit K. Pradhan , Shantom K. Borah , Bane Vasic