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The ability of learning useful features is one of the major advantages of neural networks. Although recent works show that neural network can operate in a neural tangent kernel (NTK) regime that does not allow feature learning, many works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Mo Zhou , Rong Ge

The gradients used to train neural networks are typically computed using backpropagation. While an efficient way to obtain exact gradients, backpropagation is computationally expensive, hinders parallelization, and is biologically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Katharina Flügel , Daniel Coquelin , Marie Weiel , Charlotte Debus , Achim Streit , Markus Götz

Parity functions are fundamental Boolean operations with critical applications across machine learning, cryptography, and error correction. Yet, learning high-dimensional parity functions poses significant challenges: in a general setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guillaume Larue , Louis-Adrien Dufrène , Quentin Lampin , Hadi Ghauch , Ghaya Rekaya

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its variants are the most used algorithms in machine learning applications. In particular, SGD with adaptive learning rates and momentum is the industry standard to train deep networks. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-29 Xiaoyu Li , Francesco Orabona

This paper proposes a fractional order gradient method for the backward propagation of convolutional neural networks. To overcome the problem that fractional order gradient method cannot converge to real extreme point, a simplified…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Dian Sheng , Yiheng Wei , Yuquan Chen , Yong Wang

When training deep neural networks, it is typically assumed that the training examples are uniformly difficult to learn. Or, to restate, it is assumed that the training error will be uniformly distributed across the training examples. Based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-10-09 Andrew J. R. Simpson

Gradient clipping is a commonly used technique to stabilize the training process of neural networks. A growing body of studies has shown that gradient clipping is a promising technique for dealing with the heavy-tailed behavior that emerged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Shaojie Li , Yong Liu

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method and its variants are algorithms of choice for many Deep Learning tasks. These methods operate in a small-batch regime wherein a fraction of the training data, say $32$-$512$ data points, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Nitish Shirish Keskar , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Jorge Nocedal , Mikhail Smelyanskiy , Ping Tak Peter Tang

A vast literature on convergence guarantees for gradient descent and derived methods exists at the moment. However, a simple practical situation remains unexplored: when a fixed step size is used, can we expect gradient descent to converge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Alexandru Crăciun , Debarghya Ghoshdastidar

We study the hardness of learning unitary transformations in $U(d)$ via gradient descent on time parameters of alternating operator sequences. We provide numerical evidence that, despite the non-convex nature of the loss landscape, gradient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-20 Bobak Toussi Kiani , Seth Lloyd , Reevu Maity

Time-dependent data-generating distributions have proven to be difficult for gradient-based training of neural networks, as the greedy updates result in catastrophic forgetting of previously learned knowledge. Despite the progress in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Matthias De Lange , Gido van de Ven , Tinne Tuytelaars

The Backprop algorithm for learning in neural networks utilizes two mechanisms: first, stochastic gradient descent and second, initialization with small random weights, where the latter is essential to the effectiveness of the former. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Shibhansh Dohare , Richard S. Sutton , A. Rupam Mahmood

Recurrent neural networks are extremely powerful yet hard to train. One of their issues is the vanishing gradient problem, whereby propagation of training signals may be exponentially attenuated, freezing training. Use of orthogonal or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Marcelo O. Magnasco

It has been observed that the input space of deep neural network classifiers can exhibit `fragmentation', where the model function rapidly changes class as the input space is traversed. The severity of this fragmentation tends to follow the…

We analyze recurrent neural networks with diagonal hidden-to-hidden weight matrices, trained with gradient descent in the supervised learning setting, and prove that gradient descent can achieve optimality \emph{without} massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Semih Cayci , Atilla Eryilmaz

Machine-learned regression models represent a promising tool to implement accurate and computationally affordable energy-density functionals to solve quantum many-body problems via density functional theory. However, while they can easily…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-11-08 Emanuele Costa , Giuseppe Scriva , Rosario Fazio , Sebastiano Pilati

While it is commonly observed in practice that pruning networks to a certain level of sparsity can improve the quality of the features, a theoretical explanation of this phenomenon remains elusive. In this work, we investigate this by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-14 Nuri Mert Vural , Murat A. Erdogdu

In deep learning, a central issue is to understand how neural networks efficiently learn high-dimensional features. To this end, we explore the gradient descent learning of a general Gaussian Multi-index model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-06 Bohan Zhang , Zihao Wang , Hengyu Fu , Jason D. Lee

Stochastic gradient methods are among the most important algorithms in training machine learning problems. While classical assumptions such as strong convexity allow a simple analysis they are rarely satisfied in applications. In recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Simon Weissmann , Sara Klein , Waïss Azizian , Leif Döring

In this paper, we introduce proximal gradient temporal difference learning, which provides a principled way of designing and analyzing true stochastic gradient temporal difference learning algorithms. We show how gradient TD (GTD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Bo Liu , Ian Gemp , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Ji Liu , Sridhar Mahadevan , Marek Petrik