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Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations are still the main method to study complex flows in engineering. However, traditional turbulence models cannot accurately predict flow fields with separations. In such situation, machine learning…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-02-02 Yilang Liu , Weiwei Zhang , Zhenhua Xia

This work presents a methodology to predict a near-optimal spacing function, which defines the element sizes, suitable to perform steady RANS turbulent viscous flow simulations. The strategy aims at utilising existing high fidelity…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Sergi Sanchez-Gamero , Oubay Hassan , Ruben Sevilla

Fan-array wind generators (FAWGs) provide controlled turbulent inflow conditions that cannot be reproduced in conventional wind tunnels. Despite their increasing use in experimental studies, numerical modeling of FAWG-generated flows…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-22 M. Hosein Niroomand , Utku Şentürk

This paper introduces a new robust formulation for local correlation-based laminar-to-turbulent transition models. This mechanism is incorporated into Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, coupled with the Spalart-Allmaras (SA)…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-03 Valerio D'Alessandro , Matteo Falone , Luca Giammichele , Renato Ricci

The constants and functions in Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence models are coupled. Consequently, modifications of a RANS model often negatively impact its basic calibrations, which is why machine-learned augmentations are…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-10-17 Yuanwei Bin , George Huang , Robert Kunz , Xiang I A Yang

The numerical modeling of hydraulic jumps remains challenging due to complex interactions among free-surface deformation, air entrainment and detrainment, and turbulent bubble transport. Whereas accurate prediction of these flows is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-08 L. D'Angelo , F. Zabaleta , G. E. Spadari , P. Consol-Lizzi , F. A. Bombardelli

Despite their well-known limitations, RANS models remain the most commonly employed tool for modeling turbulent flows in engineering practice. RANS models are predicated on the solution of the RANS equations, but these equations involve an…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-04-22 Eric L. Peters , Riccardo Balin , Kenneth E. Jansen , Alireza Doostan , John A. Evans

Real-time and accurate prediction of aerodynamic flow fields around airfoils is crucial for flow control and aerodynamic optimization. However, achieving this remains challenging due to the high computational costs and the non-linear nature…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-23 Chunyang Wang , Biyue Pan , Zhibo Dai , Yudi Cai , Yuhao Ma , Hao Zheng , Dixia Fan , Hui Xiang

In light of the challenges surrounding convergence and error propagation encountered in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with data-driven Reynolds stress closures, researchers commonly attribute these issues to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-05-07 Xianglin Shan , Wenbo Cao , Weiwei Zhang

This paper investigates the application of a data-driven technique based on retrospective cost optimization to optimize the frequency of mass injection into an S-shaped diffuser, with the objective of maximizing the pressure recovery.…

Simulations of turbulent fluid flow around long cylindrical structures are computationally expensive because of the vast range of length scales, requiring simplifications such as dimensional reduction. Current dimensionality reduction…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-02-25 Bernat Font , Gabriel D. Weymouth , Vinh-Tan Nguyen , Owen R. Tutty

A Finite-Volume based POD-Galerkin reduced order modeling strategy for steady-state Reynolds averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) simulation is extended for low-Prandtl number flow. The reduced order model is based on a full order model for which…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-08-04 Kelbij Star , Giovanni Stabile , Gianluigi Rozza , Joris Degroote

While many existing machine learning studies have focused on augmenting Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence models for steady or time averaged unsteady flows, this paper takes a first step toward extending such augmentation to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-25 Zilong Li , Lean Fang , Anupam Sharma , Ping He

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models (such as k-\epsilon models) are still widely used for engineering applications because of their relatively simplicity and robustness. In fully developed plane channel flow (i.e. the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-12-01 Najla El Gharbi , Rafik Absi , Ahmed Benzaoui

Data assimilation (DA) is a fundamental computational technique that integrates numerical simulation models and observation data on the basis of Bayesian statistics. Originally developed for meteorology, especially weather forecasting, DA…

Data assimilation (DA) integrates observations with model forecasts to produce optimized atmospheric states, whose physical consistency is critical for stable weather forecasting and reliable climate research. Traditional Bayesian DA…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Hang Fan , Lei Bai , Ben Fei , Yi Xiao , Kun Chen , Yubao Liu , Yongquan Qu , Fenghua Ling , Pierre Gentine

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) can be used to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) and identify hidden variables by incorporating the governing equations into neural network training. In this study, we apply PINNs to the…

Cavitation is a highly turbulent, multi-phase flow phenomenon that manifests in the form of vapor cavities as a result of a sudden drop in the liquid pressure. The phenomenon has been observed as widely detrimental in hydraulic and marine…

Prior to any statistical averaging we derive a rotational form of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, eliminating the pressure and exposing a velocity--vorticity interplay governed by \[…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Carla Valencia , Sebastián Velasco , Manuel Romero de Terreros

In the present paper, an aerodynamic investigation of a high-speed train is performed. In the first section of this article, a generic high-speed train against a turbulent flow is simulated, numerically. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes…