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With the increasing number of flexible energy devices in distribution grids, coordination between Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs) becomes critical for optimal system operation. One form of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Maísa Beraldo Bandeira , Alexander Engelmann , Timm Faulwasser

Hierarchical multi-(voltage-)level grid control strategies are an appropriate design concept for the coordination of future TSO/DSO- and DSO/DSO-interactions. Hierarchical approaches are based on the aggregation of decentralized ancillary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-05 Marcel Sarstedt , Lutz Hofmann

Distributed energy resources are an ideal candidate for the provision of additional flexibility required by power system to support the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. The integrating large number of resources in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-14 Shariq Riaz , Pierluigi Mancarella

As the role of distribution system (DS) flexibility in transmission system operator (TSO) network management becomes increasingly vital, data privacy concerns hinder seamless interoperability. The notion of the feasible operating region…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-03 Burak Dindar , Can Berk Saner , Hüseyin Kemal Çakmak , Veit Hagenmeyer

The gradual decommissioning of fossil fuel-driven power plants, that traditionally provide most operational flexibility in power systems, has led to more frequent grid stability issues. To compensate for the lack of flexible resources,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-20 Alice Patig , Ognjen Stanojev , Petros Aristidou , Aristides Kiprakis , Gabriela Hug

The rapid development of distributed energy resources (DERs) has brought many challenges to the operation of distribution networks in recent years, where operating envelopes (OEs), as a key enabler to facilitate DER integration via virtual…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-17 Bin Liu , Jin Ma

Aggregated flexibilities or PQ-capabilities (active and reactive power capabilities) are termed in literature as Feasible Operating Regions (FORs). The FORs from underlying active distribution grids can effectively contribute to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-12 Neelotpal Majumdar , Lutz Hofmann

In order to prevent conflicting or counteracting use of flexibility options, the coordination between distribution system operator and transmission system operator has to be strengthened. For this purpose, methods for the standardized…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-03 Gerster Johannes , Marcel Sarstedt , Eric MSP Veith , Sebastian Lehnhoff , Lutz Hofmann

In this paper we present a novel tractable method to compute reduced and aggregated distribution grid representations that provide an interface in the form of active and reactive power (PQ) capability areas for improving transmission…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Philipp Fortenbacher , Turhan Demiray

This paper considers an optimal radial reconfiguration problem in multi-source distribution networks, where the goal is to find a radial configuration that minimizes quadratic distribution costs while ensuring all sink demands are met. This…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Joan Vendrell Gallart , Russell Bent , Solmaz Kia

The large-scale integration of distributed renewable energy sources into the electricity grid requires the investigation of new methods to ensure stability. For example, Active Distribution Networks (ADNs) can be used at (sub-) transmission…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-31 Christian Holger Nerowski , Zongjun Li , Christian Rehtanz

Increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) within distribution feeders provides unprecedented flexibility at the distribution-transmission interconnection. With the new FERC 2222 order, DER aggregations are allowed to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-27 Bai Cui , Ahmed Zamzam , Andrey Bernstein

This paper presents a data-driven, distributionally robust chance-constrained optimization method for estimating the real and reactive power controllability of aggregated distributed energy resources (DER). At the DER-level, a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-15 Mingzhi Zhang , Xiangqi Zhu , Ning Lu

Due to changes in electric distribution grid operation, new operation regimes have been recommended. Distribution grid optimal power flow (DOPF) has received tremendous attention in the research community, yet it has not been fully adopted…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-12 Sarmad Hanif , Rabayet Sadnan , Tylor E. Slay , Nawaf Nazir , Shiva Poudel , Bilal Bhatti , Andy Reiman , Jim Follum , Joseph McKinsey , Tarek Elgindy , Rui Yang

The increasing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) in the distribution network creates new challenges in the operation of both the transmission and the distribution network. However, the controllability of the converter…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-07 Giorgos Prionistis , Costas Vournas

The dispatchable region of volatile renewable power generation (RPG) quantifies how much uncertainty the power system can handle at a given operating point. State-of-the-art dispatchable region (DR) research has studied how system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-26 Yanqi Liu , Zhigang Li , Wei Wei , Jiehui Zheng , Hongcai Zhang

Though considerable effort has been devoted to exploiting generation-side and demand-side operational flexibility in order to cope with uncertain renewable generations, grid-side operational flexibility has not been fully investigated. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Jia Li , Feng Liu , Zuyi Li , Chengcheng Shao , Xinyuan Liu

The penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE) in electrical systems has changed the way the expansion planning is treated. This kind of resource has great variability in small amounts of time, which makes it important to represent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-02 Alessandro Soares , Ricardo Perez , Fernanda Thome

Dispatchable region for renewables (DRR) depicts a space for renewables that a power system operator can manage by dispatching controllable resources. The DRR can be used to evaluate the distance from an operating point to a secure boundary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-29 Bin Liu , Thomas Brinsmead , Stefan Westerlund , Robert Davy

This paper investigates the planning and operational processes of modern distribution networks (DNs) hosting Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). While in the past the two aspects have been distinct, a methodology is proposed in this paper…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-11 Stavros Karagiannopoulos , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug
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