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Mistakes in machine learning practice are commonplace, and can result in a loss of confidence in the findings and products of machine learning. This guide outlines common mistakes that occur when using machine learning, and what can be done…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Michael A. Lones

The use of machine learning (ML)-based language models (LMs) to monitor content online is on the rise. For toxic text identification, task-specific fine-tuning of these models are performed using datasets labeled by annotators who provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Kofi Arhin , Ioana Baldini , Dennis Wei , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Moninder Singh

We address the challenges and opportunities in the development of knowledge systems for Sanskrit, with a focus on question answering. By proposing a framework for the automated construction of knowledge graphs, introducing annotation tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Hrishikesh Terdalkar

This paper introduces a novel physical annotation system designed to generate training data for automated optical inspection. The system uses pointer-based in-situ interaction to transfer the valuable expertise of trained inspection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Oliver Krumpek , Oliver Heimann , Jörg Krüger

This is the annotation manual for Universal Conceptual Cognitive Annotation (UCCA; Abend and Rappoport, 2013), specifically the Foundational Layer. UCCA is a graph-based semantic annotation scheme based on typological linguistic principles.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Omri Abend , Nathan Schneider , Dotan Dvir , Jakob Prange , Ari Rappoport

State-of-the-art question answering (QA) relies upon large amounts of training data for which labeling is time consuming and thus expensive. For this reason, customizing QA systems is challenging. As a remedy, we propose a novel framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Bernhard Kratzwald , Stefan Feuerriegel , Huan Sun

High-quality data annotation requirements are crucial for the development of safe and reliable AI-enabled perception systems (AIePS) in autonomous driving. Although these requirements play a vital role in reducing bias and enhancing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Hina Saeeda , Mazen Mohamad , Eric Knauss , Jennifer Horkoff , Ali Nouri

Third-party annotation is the status quo for labeling text, but egocentric information such as sentiment and belief can at best only be approximated by a third-person proxy. We introduce author labeling, an annotation technique where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Marcus Ma , Cole Johnson , Nolan Bridges , Jackson Trager , Georgios Chochlakis , Shrikanth Narayanan

Annotation guidelines used to guide the annotation of training and evaluation datasets can have a considerable impact on the quality of machine learning models. In this study, we explore the effects of annotation guidelines on the quality…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Faiz Ali Shah , Kairit Sirts , Dietmar Pfahl

Recent advancements in handwritten text recognition (HTR) have enabled the effective conversion of handwritten text to digital formats. However, achieving robust recognition across diverse writing styles remains challenging. Traditional HTR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Wenhao Gu , Li Gu , Ching Yee Suen , Yang Wang

A lot of real-world phenomena are complex and cannot be captured by single task annotations. This causes a need for subsequent annotations, with interdependent questions and answers describing the nature of the subject at hand. Even in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Moritz Wolf , Dana Ruiter , Ashwin Geet D'Sa , Liane Reiners , Jan Alexandersson , Dietrich Klakow

Annotated data has become the most important bottleneck in training accurate machine learning models, especially for areas that require domain expertise. A recent approach to deal with the above issue proposes using natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Yannis Papanikolaou

Emotion is a crucial phenomenon in the functioning of human beings in society. However, it remains a widely open subject, particularly in its textual manifestations. This paper examines an industrial corpus manually annotated following an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jonas Noblet

In this work, we present SenTag, a lightweight web-based tool focused on semantic annotation of textual documents. The platform allows multiple users to work on a corpus of documents. The tool enables to tag a corpus of documents through an…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Andrea Loreggia , Simone Mosco , Alberto Zerbinati

Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) has become an essential field within pattern recognition and machine learning, with applications spanning historical document preservation to modern data entry and accessibility solutions. The complexity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Carlos Garrido-Munoz , Antonio Rios-Vila , Jorge Calvo-Zaragoza

Well-annotated datasets, as shown in recent top studies, are becoming more important for researchers than ever before in supervised machine learning (ML). However, the dataset annotation process and its related human labor costs remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Haozhan Sun , Chenchen Xu , Hanna Suominen

This document presents Annotated English, a system of diacritical symbols which turns English pronunciation into a precise and unambiguous process. The annotations are defined and located in such a way that the original English text is not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2011-01-04 Jose Hernandez-Orallo

Producing the required amounts of training data for machine learning and NLP tasks often involves human annotators doing very repetitive and monotonous work. In this paper, we present and evaluate our novel annotation framework DALPHI,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-08-20 Robert Greinacher , Franziska Horn

Automated fact-checking based on machine learning is a promising approach to identify false information distributed on the web. In order to achieve satisfactory performance, machine learning methods require a large corpus with reliable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Andreas Hanselowski , Christian Stab , Claudia Schulz , Zile Li , Iryna Gurevych

Machine learning is a modern approach to problem-solving and task automation. In particular, machine learning is concerned with the development and applications of algorithms that can recognize patterns in data and use them for predictive…