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Large language models (LLMs) are popular for high-quality text generation but can produce harmful content, even when aligned with human values through reinforcement learning. Adversarial prompts can bypass their safety measures. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Mansi Phute , Alec Helbling , Matthew Hull , ShengYun Peng , Sebastian Szyller , Cory Cornelius , Duen Horng Chau

Inference attacks have been widely studied and offer a systematic risk assessment of ML services; however, their implementation and the attack parameters for optimal estimation are challenging for non-experts. The emergence of advanced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yixin Wu , Rui Wen , Chi Cui , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

The increasing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various applications necessitates a rigorous evaluation of their robustness against adversarial attacks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on the robustness of GPT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yiyi Tao , Yixian Shen , Hang Zhang , Yanxin Shen , Lun Wang , Chuanqi Shi , Shaoshuai Du

Passwords still remain a dominant authentication method, yet their security is routinely subverted by predictable user choices and large-scale credential leaks. Automated password guessing is a key tool for stress-testing password policies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Vladimir A. Mazin , Mikhail A. Zorin , Dmitrii S. Korzh , Elvir Z. Karimov , Dmitrii A. Bolokhov , Oleg Y. Rogov

This paper explores the efficacy of large language models (LLMs) for Persian. While ChatGPT and consequent LLMs have shown remarkable performance in English, their efficiency for more low-resource languages remains an open question. We…

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a popular tool as they have significantly advanced in their capability to tackle a wide range of language-based tasks. However, LLMs applications are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Md Abdur Rahman , Fan Wu , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

We introduce HackSynth, a novel Large Language Model (LLM)-based agent capable of autonomous penetration testing. HackSynth's dual-module architecture includes a Planner and a Summarizer, which enable it to generate commands and process…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Lajos Muzsai , David Imolai , András Lukács

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various applications. The functionalities of recent LLMs can be flexibly modulated via natural language prompts. This renders them susceptible to targeted adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Kai Greshake , Sahar Abdelnabi , Shailesh Mishra , Christoph Endres , Thorsten Holz , Mario Fritz

The implications of backdoor attacks on English-centric large language models (LLMs) have been widely examined - such attacks can be achieved by embedding malicious behaviors during training and activated under specific conditions that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Xuanli He , Jun Wang , Qiongkai Xu , Pasquale Minervini , Pontus Stenetorp , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein , Trevor Cohn

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for automated software development, making their ability to preserve secure coding practices critical. In practice, however, many security requirements are implicit or underspecified,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yue Li , Xiao Li , Hao Wu , Yue Zhang , Yechao Zhang , Yating Liu , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

Automatic analysis of user reviews to understand user sentiments toward app functionality (i.e. app features) helps align development efforts with user expectations and needs. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Faiz Ali Shah , Ahmed Sabir , Rajesh Sharma , Dietmar Pfahl

Ensuring the security of large language models (LLMs) is an ongoing challenge despite their widespread popularity. Developers work to enhance LLMs security, but vulnerabilities persist, even in advanced versions like GPT-4. Attackers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Aysan Esmradi , Daniel Wankit Yip , Chun Fai Chan

The impressive performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) has consistently surpassed numerous human-designed benchmarks, presenting new challenges in assessing the shortcomings of LLMs. Designing tasks and finding LLMs' limitations are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Yulong Chen , Yang Liu , Jianhao Yan , Xuefeng Bai , Ming Zhong , Yinghao Yang , Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Yue Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to resolve real-world GitHub issues. However, despite their potential, the specific failure modes of these models in complex repair tasks remain poorly understood. To characterize how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yanjie Jiang , Yian Huang , Guancheng Wang , Junjie Chen , Hui Liu , Lionel Briand

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) provide a powerful foundation for natural language tasks in large-scale customer-facing applications. However, studies that explore their vulnerabilities emerging from malicious user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Fábio Perez , Ian Ribeiro

As LLMs become more common, non-expert users can pose risks, prompting extensive research into jailbreak attacks. However, most existing black-box jailbreak attacks rely on hand-crafted heuristics or narrow search spaces, which limit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Zhen Sun , Zongmin Zhang , Deqi Liang , Han Sun , Yule Liu , Yun Shen , Xiangshan Gao , Yilong Yang , Shuai Liu , Yutao Yue , Xinlei He

The use of large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots, such as ChatGPT, has become popular across various domains, supporting a range of tasks and processes. However, due to the intrinsic complexity of LLMs, effective prompting is more…

The recent success of large language models (LLMs) has paved the way for their adoption in the high-stakes domain of healthcare. Specifically, the application of LLMs in patient-trial matching, which involves assessing patient eligibility…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Mauro Nievas , Aditya Basu , Yanshan Wang , Hrituraj Singh

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized zero-shot task performance, mitigating the need for task-specific annotations while enhancing task generalizability. Despite its advancements, current methods using trigger phrases such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Saurabh Srivastava , Chengyue Huang , Weiguo Fan , Ziyu Yao

With the rapid popularity of large language models such as ChatGPT and GPT-4, a growing amount of attention is paid to their safety concerns. These models may generate insulting and discriminatory content, reflect incorrect social values,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Jiawen Deng , Jiale Cheng , Minlie Huang
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