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5G network nodes, fronthaul and backhaul alike, will have both forwarding and computational capabilities. This makes energy-efficient network management more challenging, as decisions such as activating or deactivating a node impact on both…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Francesco Malandrino , Carla-Fabiana Chiasserini , Claudio Casetti , Giada Landi , Marco Capitani

This paper presents the first ever fully open-source implementation of Load Balancing (LB) in an experimental Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) Standalone (SA) network using Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture. The deployment…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Fahim Bashar , Asheesh Tripathi , Mayukh Roy Chowdhury , Aloizio Da Silva , Alexandre Huff

Advanced wireless networks must support highly dynamic and heterogeneous service demands. Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture enables this flexibility by adopting modular, disaggregated components, such as the RAN Intelligent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Fatemeh Lotfi , Hossein Rajoli , Fatemeh Afghah

Renewable energy resources (RERs) have been increasingly integrated into large-scale distributed power systems. Considering uncertainties and voltage fluctuation issues introduced by RERs, in this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Jinhao Li , Ruichang Zhang , Hao Wang , Zhi Liu , Hongyang Lai , Yanru Zhang

Open radio access network (ORAN) Alliance offers a disaggregated RAN functionality built using open interface specifications between blocks. To efficiently support various competing services, \textit{namely} enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-18 Fatemeh Kavehmadavani , Van-Dinh Nguyen , Thang X. Vu , Symeon Chatzinotas

Although LoRa is predominantly employed with the single-hop LoRaWAN protocol, recent advancements have extended its application to multi-hop mesh topologies. Designing efficient routing for LoRa mesh networks remains challenging due to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nalith Udugampola , Xiaoyu Ai , Binghao Li , Henry Gong , Aruna Seneviratne

To address the limitations of traditional over-the-air federated learning (OA-FL) such as limited server coverage and low resource utilization, we propose an OA-FL in MIMO cloud radio access network (MIMO Cloud-RAN) framework, where edge…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Haoming Ma , Xiaojun Yuan , Zhi Ding

The cloud radio access network (Cloud-RAN) has recently been proposed as one cost-effective and energy-efficient technique for 5G wireless networks. By moving the signal processing functionality to a single baseband unit (BBU) pool,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Yuanming Shi , Jinkun Cheng , Jun Zhang , Bo Bai , Wei Chen , Khaled B. Letaief

Open radio access network (ORAN) alliance which has been formed recently establishes a flexible, open, and smart radio access network (RAN) by combing the ideas from xRAN and cloud RAN (C-RAN). ORAN divides the functions of the RAN into…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Mojdeh Karbalaee Motalleb , Vahid Shah-Mansouri , Salar Nouri Naghadeh

The transition toward softwarized Radio Access Networks (RANs), driven by the Open RAN (O-RAN) paradigm, enables flexible, vendor-neutral deployments through disaggregation and virtualization of base station functions. However, this shift…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francisco Crespo , Javier Villegas , Carlos Baena , Eduardo Baena , Sergio Fortes , Raquel Barco

The open radio access network (O-RAN) architecture offers a cost-effective and scalable solution for internet service providers to optimize their networks using machine learning algorithms. The architecture's open interfaces enable network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Chia-Hsiang Lai , Li-Hsiang Shen , Kai-Ten Feng

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), an increasing number of energy harvesting methods are being used to supplement or supplant battery based sensors. Energy harvesting sensors need to be configured according to the application,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-29 Francesco Fraternali , Bharathan Balaji , Rajesh Gupta

This paper introduces an innovative method for predicting wireless network traffic in concise temporal intervals for Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) using a transformer architecture, which is the machine learning model behind generative…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Md Arafat Habib , Pedro Enrique Iturria-Rivera , Yigit Ozcan , Medhat Elsayed , Majid Bavand , Raimundus Gaigalas , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Dynamic resource allocation in open radio access network (O-RAN) heterogeneous networks (HetNets) presents a complex optimisation challenge under varying user loads. We propose a near-real-time RAN intelligent controller (Near-RT RIC) xApp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Oluwaseyi Giwa , Jonathan Shock , Jaco Du Toit , Tobi Awodumila

The Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is pivotal for power system operations, guiding generator output and power distribution to meet demand at minimized costs, while adhering to physical and engineering constraints. The integration of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Chen Li , Alexander Kies , Kai Zhou , Markus Schlott , Omar El Sayed , Mariia Bilousova , Horst Stoecker

We propose a power-and rate-adaptation scheme for cloud radio access networks (C-RANs), where each radio remote head (RRH) is connected to the baseband unit (BBU) pool through optical links. The RRHs jointly support the users by efficiently…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Hong Ren , Nan Liu , Cunhua Pan , Maged Elkashlan , Arumugam Nallanathan , Xiaohu You , Lajos Hanzo

Flexible and efficient wireless resource sharing across heterogeneous services is a key objective for future wireless networks. In this context, we investigate the performance of a system where latency-constrained internet-of-things (IoT)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Anup Mishra , Čedomir Stefanović , Xiuqiang Xu , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

The reliability of machine learning (ML) software systems is heavily influenced by changes in data over time. For that reason, ML systems require regular maintenance, typically based on model retraining. However, retraining requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Lorena Poenaru-Olaru , June Sallou , Luis Cruz , Jan Rellermeyer , Arie van Deursen

Dynamic radio resource management (RRM) in wireless networks presents significant challenges, particularly in the context of Radio Access Network (RAN) slicing. This technology, crucial for catering to varying user requirements, often…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Kun Yang , Shu-ping Yeh , Menglei Zhang , Jerry Sydir , Jing Yang , Cong Shen

Machine learning (ML) has seen tremendous advancements, but its environmental footprint remains a concern. Acknowledging the growing environmental impact of ML this paper investigates Green ML, examining various model architectures and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Ioannis Mavromatis , Kostas Katsaros , Aftab Khan