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For the energy-efficient deployment of cell-free massive MIMO functionality in a practical wireless network, the end-to-end (from radio site to the cloud) energy-aware operation is essential. In line with the cloudification and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-30 Özlem Tuğfe Demir , Meysam Masoudi , Emil Björnson , Cicek Cavdar

The proliferation of 5G technology presents an unprecedented challenge in managing the energy consumption of densely deployed network infrastructures, particularly Base Stations (BSs), which account for the majority of power usage in mobile…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-17 Xuanyu Liang , Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Qiao Wang , Swarna Chetty , Chenrui Sun , Hamed Ahmadi

This work proposes an integrated approach for optimising Federated Learning (FL) communication in dynamic and heterogeneous network environments. Leveraging the modular flexibility of the Open Radio Access Network (ORAN) architecture and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Abdelaziz Salama , Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Syed Danial Ali Shah , Maryam Hafeez , Syed Ali Zaidi

The open radio access network (O-RAN) architecture's native virtualization and embedded intelligence facilitate RAN slicing and enable comprehensive end-to-end services in post-5G networks. However, any vulnerabilities could harm security.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Mojdeh Karbalaee Motalleb , Chafika Benzaïd , Tarik Taleb , Vahid Shah-Mansouri

The fifth generation of the Radio Access Network (RAN) has brought new services, technologies, and paradigms with the corresponding societal benefits. However, the energy consumption of 5G networks is today a concern. In recent years, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Nicola Piovesan , David Lopez-Perez , Antonio De Domenico , Xinli Geng , Harvey Bao

The increasing complexity of modern applications demands wireless networks capable of real time adaptability and efficient resource management. The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture, with its RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Fatemeh Lotfi , Fatemeh Afghah

The open radio access network (O-RAN) Alliance developed an architecture and specifications for open and disaggregated cellular networks including many elements that are being widely adopted and implemented in both commercial and research…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Urooj Tariq , Rishu Raj , Dan Kilper

The rising energy demands of machine learning (ML), e.g., implemented in popular variants like retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems, have raised significant concerns about their environmental sustainability. While previous research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zhinuan Guo , Chushu Gao , Justus Bogner

Fog radio access network (F-RAN) and virtualisation are promising technologies for 5G networks. In F-RAN, the fog and cloud computing are integrated where the conventional C-RAN functions are diverged to the edge devices of radio access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Yu Zeng , Ahmed Al-Quzweeni , Taisir E. H. Elgorashi , Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani

The rapid evolution of Industry 4.0 has led to the emergence of smart factories, where multirobot system autonomously operates to enhance productivity, reduce operational costs, and improve system adaptability. However, maintaining reliable…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Faisal Ahmed , Myungjin Lee , Shao-Yu Lien , Suresh Subramaniam , Motoharu Matsuura , Hiroshi Hasegawa , Shih-Chun Lin

As a promising paradigm for the fifth generation wireless communication (5G) system, the fog radio access network (F-RAN) has been proposed as an advanced socially-aware mobile networking architecture to provide high spectral efficiency…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Mugen Peng , Kecheng Zhang

Providing femto-access points (FAPs) with computational capabilities will allow (either total or partial) offloading of highly demanding applications from smart-phones to the so called femto-cloud. Such offloading promises to be beneficial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Olga Muñoz , Antonio Pascual-Iserte , Josep Vidal

The growing demand for high-speed, ultra-reliable, and low-latency communications in 5G and beyond networks has significantly driven up power consumption, particularly within the Radio Access Network (RAN). This surge in energy demand poses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Yi Chu , Gurdeep Singh , Charles Turyagyenda , Dritan Kaleshi , David Grace , Hamed Ahmadi

The 6G Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MMIMO) networks can follow the so-called User-Centric Cell-Free (UCCF) architecture, where a single user is served by multiple Access Points (APs) coordinated by the Central Processing Unit…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Marcin Hoffmann , Paweł Kryszkiewicz

Network slicing envisions the 5th generation (5G) mobile network resource allocation to be based on different requirements for different services, such as Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) and Enhanced Mobile Broadband…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Nien Fang Cheng , Turgay Pamuklu , Melike Erol-Kantarci

In this paper, we investigate the uplink (UL) radio resource management for 5G aerial corridors with an open-radio access network (O-RAN)-enabled cell-free (CF) massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) system. Our objective is to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Manobendu Sarker , Md. Zoheb Hassan , Xianbin Wang

Cloud radio access networks (C-RAN) are a promising technology to enable the ambitious vision of the fifth generation (5G) communication networks. In spite of the potential benefits of C-RAN, the operational costs are still a challenging…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-22 Alaa Alameer , Aydin Sezgin

Despite the rapid advancements in 5G technology, accurately assessing the energy consumption of its Radio Access Networks (RANs) remains a challenge due to the diverse range of applicable technologies and implementation solutions. Designing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Anderson L de Araujo , Luc Deneire , Guillaume Urvoy-Keller , André L F de Almeida

Functional split is a promising technique to flexibly balance the processing cost at remote ends and the fronthaul rate in cloud radio access networks (C-RAN). By harvesting renewable energy, remote radio units (RRUs) can save grid power…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Liumeng Wang , Sheng Zhou

Open radio access network (ORAN) provides an open architecture to implement radio access network (RAN) of the fifth generation (5G) and beyond mobile communications. As a key technology for the evolution to the sixth generation (6G)…