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Unsupervised contrastive learning has achieved outstanding success, while the mechanism of contrastive loss has been less studied. In this paper, we concentrate on the understanding of the behaviours of unsupervised contrastive loss. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Feng Wang , Huaping Liu

Inspired by the impressive success of contrastive learning (CL), a variety of graph augmentation strategies have been employed to learn node representations in a self-supervised manner. Existing methods construct the contrastive samples by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Peiyao Zhao , Yuangang Pan , Xin Li , Xu Chen , Ivor W. Tsang , Lejian Liao

Self-supervised Contrastive Learning (CL) has been recently shown to be very effective in preventing deep networks from overfitting noisy labels. Despite its empirical success, the theoretical understanding of the effect of contrastive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Yihao Xue , Kyle Whitecross , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Whilst contrastive learning has recently brought notable benefits to deep clustering of unlabelled images by learning sample-specific discriminative visual features, its potential for explicitly inferring class decision boundaries is less…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Jiabo Huang , Shaogang Gong

Recently, many unsupervised deep learning methods have been proposed to learn clustering with unlabelled data. By introducing data augmentation, most of the latest methods look into deep clustering from the perspective that the original…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Huasong Zhong , Chong Chen , Zhongming Jin , Xian-Sheng Hua

In neutrino physics, analyses often depend on large simulated datasets, making it essential for models to generalise effectively to real-world detector data. Contrastive learning, a well-established technique in deep learning, offers a…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-05-23 Alex Wilkinson , Radi Radev , Saul Alonso-Monsalve

Graph contrastive learning (GCL) aims to contrast positive-negative counterparts to learn the node embeddings, whereas graph data augmentation methods are employed to generate these positive-negative samples. The variation, quantity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Adnan Ali , Jinlong Li , Huanhuan Chen , Ali Kashif Bashir

Contrastive learning is a powerful self-supervised learning method, but we have a limited theoretical understanding of how it works and why it works. In this paper, we prove that contrastive learning with the standard InfoNCE loss is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Zhiquan Tan , Yifan Zhang , Jingqin Yang , Yang Yuan

Contrastive learning models have demonstrated impressive abilities to capture semantic similarities by aligning representations in the embedding space. However, their performance can be limited by the quality of the training data and its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Amirabbas Afzali , Borna Khodabandeh , Ali Rasekh , Mahyar JafariNodeh , Sepehr kazemi , Simon Gottschalk

Although deep learning-based segmentation models have achieved impressive performance on public benchmarks, generalizing well to unseen environments remains a major challenge. To improve the model's generalization ability to the new domain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Yunlong Zhang , Yuxuan Sun , Sunyi Zheng , Zhongyi Shui , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

Contrastive learning (CL) has achieved astonishing progress in computer vision, speech, and natural language processing fields recently with self-supervised learning. However, CL approach to the supervised setting is not fully explored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Zhenyu Zhang , Yuming Zhao , Meng Chen , Xiaodong He

Contrastive self-supervised learning (CSL) with a prototypical regularization has been introduced in learning meaningful representations for downstream tasks that require strong semantic information. However, to optimize CSL with a loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Shentong Mo , Zhun Sun , Chao Li

In this paper, we aim to optimize a contrastive loss with individualized temperatures in a principled and systematic manner for self-supervised learning. The common practice of using a global temperature parameter $\tau$ ignores the fact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Zi-Hao Qiu , Quanqi Hu , Zhuoning Yuan , Denny Zhou , Lijun Zhang , Tianbao Yang

Contrastive learning is among the most successful methods for visual representation learning, and its performance can be further improved by jointly performing clustering on the learned representations. However, existing methods for joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Shunjie-Fabian Zheng , JaeEun Nam , Emilio Dorigatti , Bernd Bischl , Shekoofeh Azizi , Mina Rezaei

Deterministic embeddings learned by contrastive learning (CL) methods such as SimCLR and SupCon achieve state-of-the-art performance but lack a principled mechanism for uncertainty quantification. We propose Variational Contrastive Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Minoh Jeong , Seonho Kim , Alfred Hero

Contrastive self-supervised learning (CSL) based on instance discrimination typically attracts positive samples while repelling negatives to learn representations with pre-defined binary self-supervision. However, vanilla CSL is inadequate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Yifei Zhang , Chang Liu , Yu Zhou , Weiping Wang , Qixiang Ye , Xiangyang Ji

Learning scientific document representations can be substantially improved through contrastive learning objectives, where the challenge lies in creating positive and negative training samples that encode the desired similarity semantics.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Malte Ostendorff , Nils Rethmeier , Isabelle Augenstein , Bela Gipp , Georg Rehm

Self-supervised contrastive learning (CL) has achieved remarkable empirical success, often producing representations that rival supervised pre-training on downstream tasks. Recent theory explains this by showing that the CL loss closely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Achleshwar Luthra , Priyadarsi Mishra , Tomer Galanti

Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning has proven effective in deriving high-quality representations from unlabeled data. However, a major challenge that hinders both unimodal and multimodal contrastive learning is feature suppression, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Jihai Zhang , Xiang Lan , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng , Mengling Feng , Bryan Hooi

Biological brains learn continually from a stream of unlabeled data, while integrating specialized information from sparsely labeled examples without compromising their ability to generalize. Meanwhile, machine learning methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Viet Anh Khoa Tran , Emre Neftci , Willem A. M. Wybo